Chinese Pinyin-to-Character conversion is a key technology in Chinese Pinyin input system. In sentence based Pinyin-to-Character conversion, segmentation of Pinyin string has important influence on performance of Pinyin-to-Character conversion. There are lots of ambiguities in segmentation of Pinyin string. This paper classifies them into overlap and combinational ambiguities, and proposes disambiguation algorithms for them respectively. We then combine ambiguity resolution with several different language model to implement Pinyin-to-Character conversion task, experiments show a good performance brought by proposed algorithms
In this paper, a novel semi-analytical collocation solver, the spatial–temporal radial Trefftz collocation method (STRTCM) is proposed to solve 3D transient wave equations with specified sound source excitations. Unlike the traditional time discretization strategies, the proposed numerical scheme introduces the spatial–temporal radial Trefftz functions (STRTFs) as the basis functions for the spatial and temporal discretization of the transient wave equations. The STRTFs are constructed in the spatial–temporal domain, which is a combination of 3D Euclidean space and time into a 4D manifold. Moreover, since the initial and boundary conditions are imposed on the spatial–temporal domain boundaries, the original transient wave propagation problem can be converted to an inverse boundary value problem. To deal with the specified time-dependent sound source excitations, the composite multiple reciprocity technique is extended from the spatial domain to the spatial–temporal domain, which transforms the original problem with a source term into a high-order problem without a source term. By deriving the related STRTFs for the considered high-order problem, the proposed scheme only requires the node discretization on the spatial–temporal domain boundaries. The efficiency of the proposed method is numerically verified by four benchmark examples under 3D transient wave equations with specified time-dependent sound source excitation.
This paper presents a novel localized collocation Trefftz method (LCTM) in conjunction with Laplace transformation for transient heat conduction analysis in heterogeneous materials under temperature loading. In contrast to the conventional CTM, the proposed LCTM divides the whole domain into many stencil support domains consisting of several discretization nodes. Inspired by the dual reciprocity method (DRM) and multiple reciprocity method (MRM), an efficient technique, the generalized reciprocity method (GRM), is proposed to derive the problem-dependent T-complete functions for approximating the particular solution of the nonhomogeneous heat conduction equations in the local subdomains. Based on the moving least square technique and T-complete functions, the LCTM numerical differentiation formulation at a certain node can be derived by using a linear combination of the T-complete functions at its adjacent discretization nodes in the related stencil support domain. It inherits the semi-analytical property from the conventional CTM and avoids the ill-conditioned dense matrix problem, which is present particularly in large-scale heat conduction analysis. Some numerical examples of heat conduction problems in heterogeneous materials are presented, and the numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed LCTM in comparison with the known analytical solutions.
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