Hinokiflavone is a natural product, isolated from Selaginella P. Beauv, Juniperus phoenicea and Rhus succedanea. Even though hinokiflavone was reported to possess cytotoxicity to many cancer cells, and has potential in cancer treatment, the antiproliferation and anti-metastasis efficacy of hinokiflavone on human breast cancer cells has not a further research. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of hinokiflavone in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Hinokiflavone exhibited a time-and dose-dependent manner apoptosis induction by upregulating expression of Bax and downregulating Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, hinokiflavone significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by impairing the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the tumour growth was distinctly inhibited by treatment of hinokiflavone in a xenograft tumour mouse model of MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour sections showed that MMP-2 + cells and Ki-67 + cells were remarkably decreased in tumour tissues of mice after treatment of hinokiflavone, indicating that hinokiflavone inhibits not only proliferation but also metastasis of breast cancer cells.Our study suggested that hinokiflavone can be a potential drug to breast cancer.Significance of the study Hinokiflavone significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, hinokiflavone remarkably inhibited migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via EMT signalling pathway.It is worth noting that hinokiflavone possesses anti-tumour effect in tumour mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Overall, our results indicated that hinokiflavone may be a potential anticancer drug for breast cancer treatment.
Aims and Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led online educational programme based on patients with diabetes mellitus treated with initial basal insulin therapy.Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need to be treated with insulin to control hyperglycaemia and reduce the risk of diabetic complications when oral hypoglycaemic drugs are not effective or contraindicated. Current practices emphasise the leading role of nurses in patients treated with initial basal insulin therapy after discharge. The introduction of nurse-led online education within this area is a relatively new programme. Design:This study was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent, two-group, comparison group design. Methods:The study selected 800 patients with T2DM hospitalised in the Department of Endocrinology at a Chinese hospital from July 2018 to June 2020 who were initially treated with insulin. According to the time sequence, 400 patients from July 2018 to June 2019 were divided into the control group and 400 patients from July 2019 to June 2020 into the intervention group. The control group received routine health education and doctor-led follow-up based on routine health education. The intervention group received systematic health education and online insulin injection activities led by nurses. The effects were evaluated after 3 and 6 months of intervention. The TREND checklist was followed to ensure rigour in the study. Results:In total, 339 patients were enrolled in the intervention group and 333 patients within the control group. According to the analysis, 3 months after the intervention, the compliance rate of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (rate difference: 0.078, 95% CI: 0.006-1.150, p < .05) and HbA1c (%) (rate difference: 0.070, 95% CI: 0.001-0.137, p < .05) between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant; 6 months after the intervention, the compliance rate of FBG (rate difference: 0.077, 95% CI: 0.007-0.14, p < .05) and HbA1c (%) (rate difference: 0.106, 95% CI: 0.324-0.180, p < .01) between the intervention and the control groups were statistically significant. The total score of the 'My Opinion on Insulin' scale in the intervention group
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