Reinforcing the carrier separation is the key issue to maximize the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C N ). By a surface engineering of gradual doping of graphited carbon rings within g-C N , suitable energy band structures and built-in electric fields are established. Photoinduced electrons and holes are impelled into diverse directions, leading to a 21-fold improvement in the PHE rate.

A novel Ni3N/graphene nanocomposite has been synthesized as pseudo supercapacitor electrode material with high capacitance and energy density, due to its unique two-step oxidation/reduction reaction mechanism.

A sandwich-structured CeO2/graphene nanocomposite was synthesized with enhanced ORR electrocatalytic activity due to large amounts of Ce(iii) in the thin CeO2 crystalline film.

An all-carbon aromatic ring substitutionally doped g-C3N4was synthesized with greatly enhanced light absorption, band structure and carrier separation, achieving a 3 times higher hydrogen evolution rate (HER).

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