For bone defect repair under co-morbidity conditions, the use of biomaterials that can be non-invasively regulated is highly desirable to avoid further complications and to promote osteogenesis. However, it remains a formidable challenge in clinical applications to achieve efficient osteogenesis with stimuli-responsive materials. Here, we develop polarized CoFe2O4@BaTiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] core-shell particle-incorporated composite membranes with high magnetoelectric conversion efficiency for activating bone regeneration. An external magnetic field force conduct on the CoFe2O4 core can increase charge density on the BaTiO3 shell and strengthens the β-phase transition in the P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. This energy conversion increases the membrane surface potential, which hence activates osteogenesis. Skull defect experiments on male rats showed that repeated magnetic field applications on the membranes enhanced bone defect repair, even when osteogenesis repression is elicited by dexamethasone or lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. This study provides a strategy of utilizing stimuli-responsive magnetoelectric membranes to efficiently activate osteogenesis in situ.

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to identify a mesiodistal algorithm for multiple posterior implant placement based upon an ideal prosthetically restoration design. Methods One hundred one cases of posterior free‐end edentulous arches were selected for digital crown designs and measurements. Cone bean computed tomogram and digital fabricated crown were applied. DICOM files were exported to a viewer software (BlueSkyPlan4) to generate digital crown and measurement. The mesiodistal space between roots of adjacent teeth and center of the potential implant horizontally, from both cross‐section and coronal plane were measured. Comparisons were performed using t‐tests. Results No significant difference was found in the distances of the maxillary and mandibular posterior implants to adjacent natural teeth (p > 0.05). For interdental/implant distances, premolars are around 4.2 mm and molars are 5.4 mm, correspondently. The second premolar interimplant distance is around 7–7.4 mm. The distance of interimplant of the first molar is about 8–8.5 mm. For the maxillary second molar, the interimplant distance is 9.26 ± 0.29 mm and the mandibular second molar interimplant distance is 9.58 ± 0.19 mm, which is significantly different. No difference was found between the two different measurement methods. Conclusion A mesiodistal algorithm of 4–4.6 (implant to adjacent canine tooth), 7–7.4, 8–8.5, and 9–9.5 mm was recommended for interimplant/tooth distance from first premolar to second molar when placing implants with or without case‐specific prosthetic planning prior to surgery.

For bone defect repair, it is critical to utilize biomaterials with pro‐angiogenic properties to enhance osteogenesis. Hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based materials widely used in clinical applications have shown much potential for bone repair. However, their predominant calcium phosphate (CaP) composition and poor biodegradability limit their angiogenic potential and hence osteogenic efficiency of HA‐based materials. Here, a magnesium ion‐doped calcium silicate/HA composite microscaffold (Mg‐CS/HA) is fabricated to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenic efficiency for bone repair. Incorporation of CS improved the biodegradability of the Mg‐CS/HA microscaffold, which could simultaneously release Si and Mg bioactive ions during the early stage of implantation, synergistically enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenic efficiency. In co‐culture systems, the synergistic effects of Si and Mg ions promote the “osteogenesis‐angiogenesis coupling effect.” In vivo, the Mg‐CS/HA microscaffold could significantly promote reconstruction of the vascular network and bone regeneration. This study thus provides a new strategy for coordinated release of bioactive ions to achieve synergistic effects on vascularized bone regeneration by HA‐based bone implant materials.