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I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my supervisor and mentor Professor Chong Tzyy Haur. Professor Chong provided me many helps and supports in my research study all the time. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to his patience and motivation. He kept guiding me to the correct direction, and leading me to learn more knowledge in the current research field. I benefited a lot from his openminded view, abundant research knowledge, rigorous academic style, and outstanding academic spirit. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank my co-mentor Professor Emile R. Cornelissen. He kept guiding me during my PhD life. He always gave me useful advice of my research work, and made my research more rigorous. At the same time, I am also very grateful to Dr. Stanislaus Raditya Suwarno, who provided me many supports when I started my PhD. Thanks to him, I am able to master the experimental setup and analytical instrument. Furthermore, I can transport the skill to others. Also, many thanks go to my colleagues Miss. Tan Hwee Sin who has helped me a lot in the experiment designs and sample preparation in my study. Special thanks to Dr. Li Xin for his patient and kind help. He gave me the greatest help at the most confused stage of my PhD. He was sharing his full experience of research and writing skill to me which helped me to avoid many mistakes and saved lots of time and energy. At the same time, I also want to specially thank to Dr. Ho Jia Shin and Dr. Sim Lee Nuang for their sincere supports and guidance in my PhD study. My appreciation also goes to all the staffs and students from Singapore Membrane Technology Centre (SMTC). I also appreciate that the support from school of Civil & Environmental Engineering (CEE), NTU. Thanks for funding me and support me on my research. Last but not the least, I would like to acknowledge my parents and my girlfriend Miss. Wu who keep encouraging me and motivating me all the time in my whole PhD life.