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Objective. To characterize juvenile rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid (SF) immune complexes and to examine their interaction with leukocytes. Methods. SF immunoglobulin‐containing fractions were prepared by sequential chromatography on protein A and Sephacryl 300. Fractions were subdivided according to molecular weight, characterized for immunoglobulin and complement content, and incubated with either promonocytic U937 cells or normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results. High molecular weight SF immunoglobulin‐containing fractions stimulated the release of interleukin‐lβ (IL‐1β) from U937 cells. These same complexes stimulated tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL‐lβ, IL‐6, IL‐8, and granulocytemacrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) from PBMC. Lower molecular weight material was less efficient in inducing any of the cytokines. TNFα and IL‐1β were the earliest of the messenger RNAs examined to be induced by the high molecular weight complexes. However, the secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and GM‐CSF stimulated by the complexes was not completely dependent upon the secretion of IL‐1β. Addition of IL‐1 receptor antagonist to the cell cultures reduced GM‐CSF and IL‐6 production by 40% and IL‐8 production by 25% in PBMC. Conclusion. SF immunoglobulin fractions contain immune complexes that vary in size, composition, and phlogistic potential. High molecular weight complexes are capable of inducing a spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rhematic disease.

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Key Points PF-06747143, a novel CXCR4 antagonist IgG1 Ab, mobilizes malignant cells from the BM and induces their death via Fc-effector function. PF-06747143 reduces tumor burden in NHL, AML, and MM models, both as a monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care agents.

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The automatic segmentation of the lung region for chest X-ray (CXR) can help doctors diagnose many lung diseases. However, extreme lung shape changes and fuzzy lung regions caused by serious lung diseases may incorrectly make the automatic lung segmentation model. We improved the U-Net network by using the pre-training Efficientnet-b4 as the encoder and the Residual block and the LeakyReLU activation function in the decoder. The network can extract Lung field features efficiently and avoid the gradient instability caused by the multiplication effect in gradient backpropagation. Compared with the traditional U-Net model, our method improves about 2.5% dice coefficient and 6% Jaccard Index for the two benchmark lung segmentation datasets. Our model improves about 5% dice coefficient and 9% Jaccard Index for the private lung segmentation datasets compared with the traditional U-Net model. Comparative experiments show that our method can improve the accuracy of lung segmentation of CXR images and it has a lower standard deviation and good robustness.

LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) cathodes paired with a graphite anode have emerged as a promising alternative for current power batteries. Unfortunately, the structural degradation of Ni-rich cathodes at high working voltages brings about serious capacity fading, sequentially hampering their practical use in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, phenyl 4-fluorobenzene sulfonate (PFBS) is investigated as a multifunctional film-forming additive to suppress the structural degradation of NCM811 and alleviate the chemical decomposition of electrolyte solvents. Computational and experimental results prove that the PFBS molecule preferentially undergoes electrochemical reactions rather than the electrolyte solvents on both the cathode and anode to form a stabilized and uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The presence of 1.0 wt % PFBS is conducive to maintaining a stable SEI at the NCM811 cathode, thus mitigating the irreversible structural transformation and holding the stability of the SEI on the graphite surface. Due to the multifunctional feature of PFBS, the electrochemical performances of the NCM811//graphite pouch cell significantly improved at −20, 25, and 45 °C. Notably, the pouch cell with a PFBS additive achieved a capacity retention of 89.9% over 400 cycles at 1C at 25 °C, which is much superior to that of 29.3% for the PFBS-free one. Furthermore, the pouch cell with 1 wt % PFBS in electrolyte also achieved superior capacity retention at 45 °C (89.01%) and −20 °C (49.18%) at 1C. Theoretical calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveal that the −OSO 2 − and −F functional groups of PFBS not only joined in the formation of a stable SEI but also facilitated the diffusion of Li ions. The excellent cycling performance achieved in a wide-temperature region with PFBS demonstrates that this functional molecule has prospects for application in power LIBs.