By leveraging the ability of bacteria to express therapeutic protein cytolysin A (ClyA) through plasmid transformation, a thermally‐activated biohybrid (TAB@Au) is constructed by biomineralizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the E. coli surface. Due to the feature of anaerobic bacteria homing to tumor microenvironments, the bacteria‐based antitumor vehicles can be efficaciously accumulated at tumor sites. Under NIR laser irradiation, the biomineralized AuNPs harvest transdermal photons and convert them into local heat for photothermal therapy. After that, the produced heat elicits the expression of ClyA for killing tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments verify the conception that the current therapeutic modality greatly inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. In terms of the spatial specificity and non‐invasiveness of NIR laser, the bacteria‐based phototherapy represents an appealing way for tumor therapy.
BackgroundOvarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, in which platinum resistance is a common cause of its relapse and death. Glycosylation has been reported to be involved in drug resistance, and glycomic analyses of ovarian cancer may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cell drug resistance and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.MethodsThe serous ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum-resistant counterpart A2780-cp were used in this study. We performed a lectin array analysis to compare the glycosylation patterns of the two cell lines, a gene expression array was employed to probe the differences in glycogenes. Furthermore, the results were verified by lectin blots.ResultsA2780-cp cell exhibited stronger intensities of Lens culinaris (LCA) Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), and Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL) and weaker intensities of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectins. The gene expression array analysis revealed increased expression of Fut8, B3gnt4, B3gnt5, B4galt2 and decreased expression of Fut1 and ST6GalNAc 6 expression were evident in the A2780-cp cells. The lectin blot confirmed the differences in LCA, ConA, SNA and LEL between the A2780 and A2780-cp cells.ConclusionsThe combination of the lectin and gene expression analyses showed that the levels of core fucosylation and poly-LacNAc were increased in the A2780-cp cells and the levels of Fuc α1-2(gal β1-4) GlcNAc and α2-6-linked sialic structures were decreased in the A2780-cp cells. These glycans represent potential biomarkers and might be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in ovarian cancer.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9155-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
These data indicate that HPHD can efficiently relieve UP through clearance of accumulated mid and macro molecules in vivo. This further supports the hypothesis that these molecules are involved in UP.
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