Metal-templated [2 + 3]-type cocondensation of a pi-extended boronic acid and nioxime furnished a series of cage molecules, which were electropolymerized to prepare metal-containing conducting polymers (MCPs). Despite sharing essentially isostructural organic scaffolds, these materials display metal-dependent electrochemical properties as evidenced by different redox windows observed for M = Co, Fe, Ru. Consecutive electropolymerization using two different monomers furnished bilayer MCPs having different metals in each layer. In addition to functioning as heavy atom markers in cross-sectional analysis by FIB and EDX, redox-active metal centers participate in voltage-dependent interlayer electron transport to give rise to cyclic voltammograms that are distinctively different from those of each layer alone or random copolymers. A simple electrochemical technique can thus be used as a straightforward diagnostic tool to investigate the structural ordering of electrically conductive layered materials.
With the rapid development of communication technology, optical fiber communication has become a key research area in communications. When there are two signals in the optical fiber, the transmission of them can be abstracted as a high-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system. In this paper, by using the Hirota’s method, we construct the bilinear forms, and study the analytical solution of three solitons in the case of focusing interactions. In addition, by adjusting different wave numbers for phase control, we further discuss the influence of wave numbers on soliton transmissions. It is verified that wave numbers k
11, k
21, k
31, k
22, and k
32 can control the fusion and fission of solitons. The results are beneficial to the study of all-optical switches and fiber lasers in nonlinear optics.
Electropolymerization of tris(dioximate) cage complexes
furnished
metal-containing conducting polymers (MCPs) that deposit directly
onto the electrode surface as uniform films. The injection of electrons
into, or removal of electrons from, these electroactive materials
proceeds via different pathways with different rates, the underlying
molecular mechanisms of which were investigated by a combination of
electrochemical, spectroscopic, and focused-ion-beam–scanning
electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) cross-section analysis studies. For
cobalt-containing polymers, both the metal centers and π-conjugated
organic backbone work cooperatively as hopping stations for migrating
holes, whereas the reduced polymer utilizes less-efficient self-exchange
between cobalt(II) and cobalt(I) centers for electron transport. A
small molecule model of such reductively doped polymer was prepared
independently, which provided compelling electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical
evidence to support the structural integrity of the metal centers
upon redox switching. A well-defined metal-to-ligand charge transfer
(MLCT) band of the n-doped polymer was exploited
further as a straightforward spectroscopic tool to quantify the number
of redox-active metal centers directly and to estimate the lower distance
limit of diffusional charge transport across the bulk material.
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