Injudicious or inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria, posing a huge menace to global health. Here, a selfassembled aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanosphere (AIE-PEG 1000 NPs) that simultaneously possesses near-infrared region II (NIR-II) fluorescence emissive, photothermal, and photodynamic properties is prepared using a multifunctional AIE luminogen (AIE-4COOH). The AIE-PEG 1000 NPs were encapsulated with teicoplanin (Tei) and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) into lipid nanovesicles to form a laseractivated "nanobomb" (AIE-Tei@AB NVs) for the multimodal theranostics of drugresistant bacterial infections. In vivo experiments validate that the "nanobomb" enables high-performance NIR-II fluorescence, infrared thermal, and ultrasound (AB decomposition during the photothermal process to produce numerous CO 2 /NH 3 bubbles, which is an efficient ultrasound contrast agent) imaging of multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected foci after intravenous administration of AIE-Tei@AB NVs followed by 660 nm laser stimulation. The highly efficient photothermal and photodynamic features of AIE-Tei@AB NVs, combined with the excellent pharmacological property of rapidly released Tei during bubble generation and NV disintegration, collectively promote broad-spectrum eradication of three clinically isolated multidrugresistant bacteria strains and rapid healing of infected wounds. This multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapeutic strategy can be extended for the theranostics of superbugs.

Chronic wound healing remains a challenging medical problem affecting society, which urgently requires anatomical and functional solutions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), mesenchymal stem cells with self-renewal and multiple differentiation ability, play essential roles in wound healing and tissue regeneration. The exosomes from ADSCs (ADSC-EXOs) are extracellular vesicles that are essential for communication between cells. ADSC-EXOs release various bioactive molecules and subsequently restore tissue homeostasis and accelerate wound healing, by promoting various stages of wound repair, including regulating the inflammatory response, promoting wound angiogenesis, accelerating cell proliferation, and modulating wound remodeling. Compared with ADSCs, ADSC-EXOs have the advantages of avoiding ethical issues, being easily stored, and having high stability. In this review, a literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar was performed for articles before August 1, 2022 focusing on exosomes from ADSCs, chronic wound repair, and therapeutic potential. This review aimed to provide new therapeutic strategies to help investigators explore how ADSC-EXOs regulate intercellular communication in chronic wounds.

Keloids are formed due to abnormal hyperplasia of the skin connective tissue. We explored the relationship between N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐related genes and keloids. The transcriptomic datasets (GSE44270 and GSE185309) of keloid and normal skin tissues samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We constructed the m6A landscape and verified the corresponding genes using immunohistochemistry. We extracted hub genes for unsupervised clustering analysis using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network; gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological processes or functions affected by the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We performed immune infiltration analysis to determine the relationship between keloids and the immune microenvironment using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT. Differential expression of several m6A genes was observed between the two groups; insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was significantly upregulated in keloid patients. PPI analysis elucidated six genes with significant differences between the two keloid sample groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cell division, proliferation, and metabolism. Moreover, significant differences in immunity‐related pathways were observed. Therefore, the results of this study will provide a reference for the elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of keloids.

Background: Keloid is the result of abnormal hyperplasia of skin connective tissue. This study explored the relationship between m6A related genes and keloid, and provides some reference for discovering the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of keloid. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets (GSE44270, GSE185309) of keloid and normal skin tissues were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). The landscape of m6A gene was constructed, then the corresponding genes were verified by immunohistochemistry. Using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, hub genes were extracted for unsupervised clustering analysis, and Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was carried out to check the biological process or function affected by these differentially expressed genes. Finally, immune infiltration analysis was carried out to discuss the relationship between the therapeutic potential of keloid and immune microenvironment. Results: There were genes with different expression trends in the three types of m6A genes, especially IGF2BP3 in the reader category, which is significantly up-regulated in keloid patients. We identified 6 genes showed significant differences through PPI analysis between the two groups of keloid samples. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify the functions of these differentially expressed genes, and we found that they were related to cell division, proliferation and metabolism, and there were significant differences in immunity-related pathways. Finally, we analyzed the immune infiltration level of immune cells in keloid with single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（ssGSEA）and CIBERSORT respectively. Conclusions: We analyzed the relationship between m6A related genes and keloid through bioinformatics methods, so as to provide corresponding references for clarifying the molecular mechanism of keloid.