There are few studies examining the association between levels of physical activity and hypertension in middle-aged and older adults in China. Data were drawn from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (using four-stage stratified probability-proportional-to-size sampling), involving 7113 individuals aged 45 years and older from 28 provinces of China. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 130 mm Hg, or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mm Hg, or self-reported use of anti-hypertensive medications. The awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive participants were 53.12%, 43.37%, and 10.03%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.12% among all the participants, higher in main city zones (58.68%) than villages (55.52%) and other areas (55.78%, p < 0.0001). Participants who were overweight (BMI ≥ 24: AOR 4.08, 95% CI 3.21–5.20, P < 0.0001; BMI ≥ 28: 10.03, 7.56–13.31, P < 0.0001), and drinking more than once a month (1.28, 1.12–1.46, P < 0.0001) were more likely to have hypertension. The decision tree model was established to analyze the importance of different levels of physical activity on hypertension prevention. Participants who usually participated in moderate-to-vigorous activity for more than 10 minutes (vigorous: 0.82, 0.73–0.91, P = 0.0004; moderate: 0.83, 0.75–0.92, P = 0.0006) were less likely to have hypertension. The results of the decision tree showed that the vigorous physical activity seemed to be more important than moderate and light activity to induce beneficial effects on prevention of hypertension. The strength of our study is in using the decision tree to clearly rank the importance of those key factors affecting hypertension.

BackgroundThere are few studies examining the association between blood pressure (BP) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in consideration of the new hypertension guidelines in China.MethodsData were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. 14 390 eligible participants (aged 45 years and older) were selected through four-stage, stratified, and cluster sampling. Hypertension was considered as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130 mm Hg (old definition: 140 mm Hg) or higher, a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 mm Hg (old definition: 90 mm Hg) or higher or taking anti-hypertensive medication. Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between BP level and NCDs.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension based on the latest definition was 56.35% (while by old definition: 42.75%). The awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive participants were 38.62% (51.18%), 43.10% (56.81%), and 9.91% (13.06%), respectively. An increasing rate of NCDs (diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and memory-related disease) among participants were found with the ascending of BP level. After adjusted for demographics and behavioral risks, the following 3 NCDs had been shown to correlate with hypertension: diabetes (adjusted OR 1.15, 0.91–1.45 for elevated BP; 1.20, 0.97–1.49 for hypertension stage 1; 1.55, 1.28–1.86 hypertension stage 2), heart disease (0.94, 0.79–1.12; 1.05, 0.90–1.22; 1.28, 1.12–1.47), and stroke (1.77, 1.25–2.51; 1.32, 0.93–1.87; 1.85, 1.37–2.49).ConclusionsThe association between hypertension and the risk of NCDs is of concern in China. The combined efforts on NCDs prevention and lowered blood pressure should be made by nationally integrated strategies, especially in middle-aged and older adults.

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Introduction: Glomerular disease associated with wide variety of biochemical disturbance and pathophysiological alteration in human body. It is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in developing countries. In Bangladesh prevalence of CKD and ESRD increasing mostly due to glomerulonephritis. Presentation of glomerular disease ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening acute complications-AKI and also CKD.The prevalence of glomerular disease is different in various regions of the world and varies depending on the race, age, geographical, etiological, cultural and economic characteristics. This study reflects pattern of glomerular disease and their clinicopathological and histological characteristics in Bangladeshi population. Methods: This study has been conducted at department of nephrology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College hospital, Dhaka from January 2017 to June 2018. 206 patients of glomerular disease was included in the study with proteinuria >0.5gm/day or presence of RBC or RBC cast in urine and /or renal impairment. Selected patients were evaluated both clinical history, examination and investigations. After taking consent renal biopsy was performed and histopathology (light microscopy and DIF) done by expert pathologist. All data recorded in case report form (CRF). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: Total 206 patients included in the study with mean age 34.5AE14.13 years, female were more than male (61.5%). More than 50% patients were in less than 40 years. Most common presentation was edema (87.2%), others were hypertension, anemia, reduced urine, hematuria, shortness of breath, arthritis, skin rash, sore throat and renal failure. Histologically Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis was more common variety of Glomerulonephritis (34.3%). Others were Lupus Nephritis (15%), Membranoproliferative (12.1%), FSGS (11.6%), IgA nephritis (5.8%), MCD (5.3%), Membranous Nephropathy (3.9%) and IgM nephropathy (2.9%). FSGS and IgM glomerulonephritis male were more affected than female, in MesPGN, LN, MPGN and IgA glomerulonephritis female were more affected than male. Patient with FSGS, MPGN, MesPGN and LN were hypertensive. Common age of MCD was 10-20 years, in FSGS >50% presented in 21-40 years, membranous glomerulonephritis 21-40 years, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 21-50 years, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 10-50 years, lupus nephritis 10-40 years age, IgA nephritis10-50 years, IgM 10-30 years of age respectively. Mean UTP 4.24AE3.17 gm/day. >50% of FSGS, MGN, MpGN, MesPGN and MCD patients had more than 3gm/day proteinuria. 50.49% glomerulonephritis was associated with increase serum creatinine. Mesangial proliferative, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, FSGS, Membranous Nephropathy, Lupus Nephritis and IgA nephropathy associated with renal impairment. Conclusions: Histological pattern of glomerulonephritis may vary from different geographical area. In our study Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was most common variety of glomerular disease.FSG...

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