Abbreviations & Acronyms BOO = bladder outlet obstruction BPE = benign prostatic enlargement BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia BPO = benign prostatic obstruction DC = detrusor contractility DO = detrusor overactivity fQmax = free maximum flow rate ICS = International Continence Society IPSS = International Prostate Symptom Score IPSS-S = summation of frequency, urgency and nocturia scores of International Prostate Symptom Score IPSS-V = subtotal voiding symptom scores of International Prostate Symptom Score LinPURR = linear passive urethral resistance relation LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms MCC = maximum cystometric capacity N = normal detrusor contractility OAB = overactive bladder OABSS = overactive bladder symptoms score P+ = statistical comparison between baseline and postoperative. Pdet.Qmax = detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate PDO = phasic detrusor overactivity PFS = pressure-flow study Postop. = postoperative Preop. = preoperative PSA = prostate-specific antigen PV = prostate volume PVR = post-void residual volume Qmax = maximum flow rate QOL = quality of life ST = strong detrusor contractility TDO = terminal detrusor overactivity TURP = transurethral resection of the prostate UDS = urodynamic study W = weak detrusor contractility Objectives: To investigate the correlation of preoperative overactive bladder symptoms and urodynamic parameters to the improvement of overactive bladder symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in 128 patients with urodynamically proven benign prostatic obstruction that underwent transurethral resection of the prostate. All patients had preoperative urgency symptoms. The patients were divided into groups according to overactive bladder symptom severity and preoperative urodynamic parameters (presence and type of detrusor overactivity, degree of obstruction, bladder contractility). The 3-month postoperative changes in overactive bladder symptoms were then compared between the groups. Results: Overall, there was a statistically significant improvement in mean overactive bladder symptoms score from 9.6 to 2.7 (P < 0.001). However, patients with preoperative mild overactive bladder symptoms had significantly lower postoperative overactive bladder symptoms scores than those with moderate or severe symptoms (P < 0.05). Patients with preoperative terminal detrusor overactivity had significantly higher overactive bladder symptoms scores compared with patients with phasic and no detrusor overactivity (P < 0.05), and were more likely to have persistent urge incontinence. Preoperative detrusor contractility and severity of obstruction did not affect postoperative overactive bladder symptom improvement. Conclusions: Most patients with benign prostatic obstruction and overactive bladder symptoms experience an improvement in their symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate. The presence of preoperative terminal detrusor overactivity might be negatively associated with this improvement. The preoperative severi...

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In the current practice, to determine the safety factor of a slope with two-dimensional circular potential failure surface, one of the searching methods for the critical slip surface is Genetic Algorithm (GA), while the method to calculate the slope safety factor is Fellenius' slices method. However GA needs to be validated with more numeric tests, while Fellenius' slices method is just an approximate method like finite element method. This paper proposed a new method to determine the minimum slope safety factor which is the determination of slope safety factor with analytical solution and searching critical slip surface with Genetic-Traversal Random Method. The analytical solution is more accurate than Fellenius' slices method. The Genetic-Traversal Random Method uses random pick to utilize mutation. A computer automatic search program is developed for the Genetic-Traversal Random Method. After comparison with other methods like slope/w software, results indicate that the Genetic-Traversal Random Search Method can give very low safety factor which is about half of the other methods. However the obtained minimum safety factor with Genetic-Traversal Random Search Method is very close to the lower bound solutions of slope safety factor given by the Ansys software.

This paper proposes a simplified analytical solution to determine the primary consolidation settlement of a confined sand aquifer overlain by a clay layer due to single well dewatering. After single well pumping in a steady state, the Dupuit equation predicts the confined sand aquifer water head drawdown. The confining pressure on the underlain confined sand aquifer top surface is determined using the principle of vertical force equilibrium. Additional vertical stresses in each layer of the confined sand aquifer are then computed with the Boussinesq solution. The overall aquifer consolidation deformation is then determined with thee-lgpcurve from the one-dimensional consolidation test and the applied vertical stress with the integral method. The proposed analytical solution is validated using the ADINA software, where porous media are simulated with the Biot model and solved with the 3D finite element method. This proposed analytical solution is used to simulate the primary consolidation settlement due to well pumping, using the fourth confined aquifer in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 1980 to 1995 as a case study. The predicted settlement compares reasonably well with the actual measured settlement in Shanghai.

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