Infusing “chemical wisdom” should improve the data-driven approaches that rely exclusively on historical synthetic data for automatic retrosynthesis planning. For this purpose, we designed a chemistry-informed molecular graph (CIMG) to describe chemical reactions. A collection of key information that is most relevant to chemical reactions is integrated in CIMG:NMR chemical shifts as vertex features, bond dissociation energies as edge features, and solvent/catalyst information as global features. For any given compound as a target, a product CIMG is generated and exploited by a graph neural network (GNN) model to choose reaction template(s) leading to this product. A reactant CIMG is then inferred and used in two GNN models to select appropriate catalyst and solvent, respectively. Finally, a fourth GNN model compares the two CIMG descriptors to check the plausibility of the proposed reaction. A reaction vector is obtained for every molecule in training these models. The chemical wisdom of reaction propensity contained in the pretrained reaction vectors is exploited to autocategorize molecules/reactions and to accelerate Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) for multistep retrosynthesis planning. Full synthetic routes with recommended catalysts/solvents are predicted efficiently using this CIMG-based approach.
An efficient copper-catalyzed intramolecular C-H alkoxylation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles has been developed. The chemistry was applied to a wide range of substrates, generating tricyclic benzoxazine-fused 1,2,3-triazoles in good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that a radical pathway may be involved in this transformation. The triazole products were found to exhibit strong antifungal activity against ginseng root-rot disease, demonstrating their potential as a scaffold in medicinal chemistry research.
A metal-free, visible-light promoted intramolecular azole CÀ H bond amination for the rapid and efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical important 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones has been developed. Employing 2-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamides as the easily available precursors and catalytic amount of I 2 as an initiator, the desired product were isolated in moderate to excellent yiels with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this protocol features mild conditions, operational simplicity, and easy scale-up. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that a radical pathway might be involved during the reaction.
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