Introduction The relationships between the outcome of frozen-thaw embryo transfer (FET) cycle and endometrial compaction were not quite consistent. Objective To analyze the relationship between the outcome of FET cycle and endometrial compaction. Materials and methods A total of 1420 women using FET were researched. The change in endometrial thickness on ET day and those on the day of progesterone (P) administration start is the basis for grouping. Group 1 was endometrial compaction group, and group 2 was the endometrial non-compaction group. Outcome measure was clinical pregnancy, estradiol (E2) levels, progesterone (P) levels, endometrial morphology, and thickness in each period of FET cycle. Results A significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate was observed in group 2 in comparison with group 1 (43.4% vs. 55.1%, P < 0.01). In addition, P levels on the day of P administration start were lower in group 2 (0.73 ± 0.93 ng/ml vs. 0.90 ± 1.85 ng/ml, P = 0.006), while E2 levels on ET day were higher in group 2 (316.42 ± 304.95 pg/ml vs. 257.88 ± 219.15 pg/ml, P = 0.001) than in group 1. The binary logistic regression analysis showed a lower rate of clinical pregnancy in group 2 (aOR = 0.617, 95% CI 0.488-0.779, P = 0.001). Conclusions Clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in women with endometrial compaction on ET day compared to women with no changes or thickening. Therefore, we recommend paying closer attention to endometrial compaction in women undergoing FET as a method to estimate endometrial receptivity.

Background/Aim Cangfu Daotan Wan (CFDTW) has been widely used for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients in the type of stagnation of phlegm and dampness. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of CFDTW on PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome (PDS). Methods In silico analysis was adopted to identify CFDTW potential targets and the downstream pathways in the treatment of PCOS. Expression of PKP3 was examined in the ovarian granulosa cells from PCOS patients with PDS and rat PCOS models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). PKP3/ERCC1 was overexpressed or underexpressed or combined with CFDTW treatment in ovarian granulosa cells to assay the effect of CFDTW on ovarian granulosa cell functions via the PKP3/MAPK/ERCC1 axis. Results Clinical samples and ovarian granulosa cells of rat models were characterized by hypomethylated PKP3 promoter and upregulated PKP3 expression. CFDTW reduced PKP3 expression by enhancing the methylation of PKP3 promoter, leading to proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells, increasing S and G2/M phase-arrested cells, and arresting their apoptosis. PKP3 augmented ERCC1 expression by activating the MAPK pathway. In addition, CFDTW facilitated the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and repressed their apoptosis by regulating PKP3/MAPK/ERCC1 axis. Conclusion Taken together, this study illuminates how CFDTW confers therapeutic effects on PCOS patients with PDS, which may offer a novel theranostic marker in PCOS.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have more sinus follicular reserve than normal women. However, deteriorating oocyte quality with advancing age is a major problem in PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) / intracytoplasmic single sperm injection (ICSI) assisted conception and improved controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle dosing regimens remain critical. Current findings on the necessity of adding exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) to IVF/ICSI cycles in women with elderly PCOS (≥ 35 years) are controversial. This study investigated the clinical efficacy of adding exogenous LH to antagonist regimens in IVF/ICSI-assisted conception cycles for elderly patients with PCOS. Methods Clinical data of PCOS patients who underwent IVF/ICSI-assisted conception at Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2022, were collected for retrospective cohort analysis. Groups 1 (exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) only, n = 170) and 2 (exogenous FSH and LH, n = 265) were divided according to whether exogenous LH was added to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) regimen, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the addition of exogenous LH and pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was performed on the clinical data of the group 2. Group 2A (recombinant-human luteinizing hormone, n = 30) and 2B (human menopausal gonadotropin for injection, n = 235) were classified by exogenous LH additive type. Group 2C (75 u, n = 149) and 2D (150 u, n = 116) were classified by the additive amount of exogenous LH. Group 2E (exogenous LH added on Gonadotropins(Gn) initiation day, n = 137) and 2F (exogenous LH added after Gn initiation day, n = 128) were classified by whether exogenous LH was added on Gn initiation day one. COH and conception outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The number of follicles ≥ 14 mm on trigger day, eggs obtained, fertilized eggs, normally fertilized eggs, and high-quality embryos, and the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression indicated that adding exogenous LH was an independent risk factor for cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (OR = 2.024, P = 0.001). In contrast, among the subgroups with the addition of exogenous LH, there were no statistically significant differences between the different dose subgroups, groups 2A and 2B, groups 2C vs. group 2D for the first additive dose, and groups 2E vs. group 2F for whether or not to add on the initiation day. Conclusion For most elderly women with PCOS, particularly those with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, the addition of exogenous LH during IVF/ICSI cycles resulted in decreased efficacy in assisted conception outcomes, and there was no evidence that the additive type and amount, and timing of LH addition effected assisted conception outcomes.

Background Current findings on the necessity of adding exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) to IVF/ICSI cycles in elderly women(≥ 35 years) with Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）are controversial. This study investigated the clinical efficacy of adding exogenous LH to antagonist regimens in IVF/ICSI-assisted conception cycles for elderly patients with PCOS. Methods Clinical data of PCOS patients who underwent IVF/ICSI-assisted conception at Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2022, were collected for retrospective cohort analysis. Groups 1 (exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) only, n = 170) and 2 (exogenous FSH and LH, n = 265) were divided according to whether exogenous LH was added to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) regimen. controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and conception outcomes were compared between the two groups， and binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the addition of exogenous LH and pregnancy outcome. Results The number of follicles ≥ 14 mm on trigger day（12.70±8.56 vs 11.08±6.84，P=0.025）, eggs obtained（13.28±9.02 vs 11.31±6.03，P=0.003）, fertilized eggs（10.79±7.87 vs 10.02±5.75，P=0.047）, normally fertilized eggs（8.07±6.47 vs 6.84±4.53，P=0.005）, and high-quality embryos（1.62±2.10 vs 1.01±1.41，P＜0.001）, and the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate（65.9% vs 49.1%，P=0.001）were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression indicated that adding exogenous LH was an independent risk factor for cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (OR = 2.024, P = 0.001). Conclusion For most elderly women with PCOS, particularly those with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, the addition of exogenous LH during IVF/ICSI cycles resulted in decreased efficacy in assisted conception outcomes.

The conceptualization of statistical model: the initial characteristic of linear regression revealed by Karl Pearson lay the foundation for the exploration of Sir Francis Galton. The article discusses the concept of the linear regression model and R-square and focuses on the relationship between the chance of admission and GRE/TOFEL score by the simple linear regression between independent variables and dependent variables. The collected statistical data from Kaggle about 386 students ’ scores in an American university is fitting the linear regression. This concentrates on the evaluation of the simple linear regression and the discovery of coverage for drawbacks or solutions for the promotion of the accuracy of the relationship. In the demonstrating experiments, collected TOFEL/ GRE scores of 375 graduate students in college indicated new observation that the existence of positively related between two items by R-square while testifying model possess drawbacks and limitations in a degree. The exploration of solutions to offset the impact of these errors and omissions will be concentrated in the following.