GABAergic interneurons play an essential role in modulating cortical networks. The progenitor domains of cortical interneurons are localized in developing ventral forebrain, including the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), preoptic area (POA) and preoptic hypothalamic border domain (POH). Here, we characterized the expression pattern of Zswim5, an MGE-enriched gene in the mouse forebrain. At E11.5 to E13.5, prominent Zswim5 expression was detected in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of MGE, CGE, POA and POH of ventral telencephalon in which progenitors of cortical interneurons resided. At E15.5 and E17.5, Zswim5 remained detectable in the SVZ of pallidal primordium (MGE). Zswim5 mRNA was markedly decreased after birth and was absent in the adult forebrain. Interestingly, Zswim5 expression pattern resembled the tangential migration pathways of cortical interneurons. Zswim5-positive cells in the MGE appeared to migrate from the MGE through the SVZ of LGE to overlying neocortex. Indeed, Zswim5 was co-localized with Nkx2.1 and Lhx6, markers of progenitos and migratory cortical interneurons. Double labeling showed that Mash1/Ascl1-positive cells did not express Zswim5. Zswim5 expressing cells showed none or at most low levels of Ki67 but co-expressed Tuj1 in the SVZ of MGE. These results suggest that Zswim5 is immediately upregulated as progenitors exiting cell cycle to become postmitotic. Given that recent studies have elucidated that the cell fate of cortical interneurons is determined shortly after postmitotic, the timing of Zswim5 expression in early postmitotic cortical interneurons suggests a potential role of Zswim5 in regulation of neurogenesis and tangential migration of cortical interneurons. Propagation of neuronal information in neural networks is modulated by the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Abnormalities in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance of synaptic activity have been well documented in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia (Ramamoorthi and Lin, 2011; Nelson and Valakh, 2015; Canitano and Pallagrosi, 2017; Sohal and Rubenstein, 2019). A large diversity of cortical interneurons with distinct morphology, connectivity, and physiological activity serves to regulate synaptic E/I balance of cortical projection neurons. Understanding the developmental roots of GABAergic interneurons should provide important information to the pathophysiology of the diseases associated with E/I imbalance.GABAergic interneurons in the pallium of telencephalon are well known to be developmentally derived from the subpallium of the telencephalon (Marin and Rubenstein, 2001;Marín, 2015;Bandler et al., 2017;Hu et al., 2017;Lim et al., 2018). In the ventral part of developing mammalian telencephalon (subpallium), there are three structural elevations, the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). These three ganglionic eminences consist of heterogeneous progenitor populations that give ri...
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