Fabricating a uniform melt-blown web was a complicated engineering problem. A complementary study to our previous model was conducted to aid in the optimization of the prediction of fibrous web formation. The air velocity distribution on a collector was first investigated by computational fluid dynamics software and hot-wire anemometer measurement. The numerical model consisting of beads and poles was used to describe the fiber behavior, such as movement and bending, on the collector. The fiber positions were predicted by calculating the final lay-down positions of beads. The variation coefficient of the basis weight was introduced to evaluate the uniformity of the fibrous web. A larger variation coefficient represented worse uniformity, while a smaller variation coefficient represented better uniformity. Additionally, the effects of the processing conditions on the web uniformity were investigated by the presented model. The entire modeling studied the mechanism of fibrous web formation and evaluated the web uniformity.
With the development of X-ray computed tomography over the last few decades, it is gradually considered to be a powerful tool in the field of materials research. This paper presents a comprehensive review of applications of CT imaging on fiber reinforced composites, from polymer composites to ceramic matrix composites. The principle of X-ray CT and experimental tomography setups was described firstly. Then, in situ experimental devices developed in recent years were illustrated. Furthermore, the applications of X-ray CT imaging on manufacturing process, modeling, mechanical damage, physical, and chemical behaviors were reviewed in detail. Besides, advantages and limitations of X-ray CT imaging were pointed out and the future development was prospected.
The incorporation of pressure levels and pressure gradients in the design of compression stockings offers excellent potential to enhance function in the sport science, clinical research and rehabilitation fields. Yet, the connection of processing parameters and structure accompanying the pressure characteristic of current graduated compression stockings (GCS) is not well quantitatively studied. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study aims to analyze the effects of processing parameters, such as elastane yarn count, loop length and elastane feeding tension, on the structure and pressure behavior of GCS in our work. In addition, to investigate the mechanism of the pressure characteristic, two numerical models, the cylinder model and the conical model, are employed to predict the pressure value and the pressure gradient of stockings. The experimental results of the statistical analysis indicate that the loop length is a key factor to control the wale density, length of stockings and final pressure values. Moreover, the elastane feeding tension could affect the course density, girth of stockings and pressure gradient. On the other hand, the numerical results reveal that the conical model is suited for predicting the pressure values because of the change in radius of the limb in the model. The entire experimental and numerical work provide the mechanism for the study basis of processing, structure and pressure characteristics of GCS.
It is widely known that the pore size of a meltblown fiber assembly extensively affects the final applications of its products. We have developed a model for simulating melt-blowing production to investigate the formation mechanism of a fiber assembly. In this study, we calculated the pore size under different production conditions using the model. The predicted results reveal the relationship between the pore size and the production conditions, namely, the air jet pressure, suction pressure, die temperature, polymer flow rate, die to collector distance, and collector speed. The predicted results also verified the experimental trends reported in previous studies. High air jet pressure and die temperature tend to generate smaller pores, while a large polymer flow rate, die to collector distance, and collector movement speed contribute to the production of larger pores in the fiber assembly. In addition, the circularity was predicted in this study to describe the pore shape. The numerical investigation of virtual production is a novel method in which the expected pore size and corresponding production conditions can be easily obtained using a computer with a few keystrokes and mouse clicks.
Biodegradable adhesives from nano-chitosan-reinforced unfolded soy protein have been fabricated to potentially reduce environmental pollution and drive a sustainable textile industry. The weak adhesion strength and poor water stability of soy protein films limit their use in the textile industry. In this work, the influence of sodium-dodecyl-sulfonate on unfolding of soy protein, and the reinforcement effects of nano-chitosan on the tensile properties of unfolded soy protein adhesives were investigated. The results demonstrate that the bio-adhesives developed had 157% and 85% increments on tensile strength and water stability compared with unmodified soy protein. Also, dry and wet strength of the pulp/viscose wet-laid nonwovens were increased 43% and over 100% after adhesion, indicating that modified soy protein shows promise for use as a textile bio-adhesive for sustainable industry.
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