Three new crosslinked polystyrene nanoparticles covalently attached with low lattice energy lithium salt moieties were synthesized: poly(styrene lithium trifluoromethane sulphonyl imide) (PSTFSILi), poly(styrene lithium benzene sulphonyl imide) (PSPhSILi), and poly(styrene lithium sulfonyl-1,3-dithiane-1,1,3,3-tetraoxide) (PSDTTOLi). A series of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were formulated by mixing these lithium salts with high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The crosslinked nano-sized polymer salts improved film strength and decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer electrolyte membranes. An enhancement in both ionic conductivity and thermal stability was observed. For example, the SPE film containing PSTFSILi displayed ionic conductivity of 7.52 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and 3.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 70 °C, while the SPE film containing PSDTTOLi showed an even better performance of 1.54 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and 3.23 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 70 °C.
A new class of lithium-ion conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs) has been derived from oligomeric Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-grafted Cross-linked Polystyrene (XPS) microspheres containing one or two lithium sulfonamide moieties. The SPE containing Li:O mole ratio of 1:8 displayed excellent ionic conductivity (in excess of 10-4S/cm at 25ºC) and good electrochemical stability (4.3 volts versus Li/Li+). Thermal properties of these SPEs have also been investigated with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). These new SPEs possess amorphous character with a glass Transition Temperature (Tg) around 135ºC, and no significant thermal decomposition until 420ºC. Synthesis and characterization including surface morphologies of these SPEs are described.
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