Throughout North America, Native communities have historically experienced economic adversity, social dysfunction, and disparities in health and wellness when compared with most other majority populations. Moreover, the marginalization of Native peoples as a populace, the underappreciation of the significance of culture in psychological practice, and the dearth of Natives in research and wellness professions have too often resulted in misunderstanding, misdiagnoses, and mistreatment of Native persons. Consequently, to engage in appropriate psychological practice and increase the efficacy of treatment of Native women and girls, accurate depictions of lived experience are of critical importance.For the purposes of this discussion, we clarify that our use of the terms Indigenous, Natives, Native peoples, and Native Americans predominantly refer to people who identify as American Indian (AI), Alaska Native (AN), or Native Hawaiian (NH). However, the broad blanket implied by the use of
The 2010–11 seasons of 90210 (2008–13), Degrassi (2010–15), Glee (2009–15) and Pretty Little Liars (2010–17) represent homophobia as arising from closeted teens, cisgender male ‘jocks’, racialized characters and immigrants. Rather than locating homophobia and heteronormativity within the social fabric and minds of all who have been steeped in American and Canadian hegemonic beliefs, homophobic characters are framed as rare, anachronistic and out-of-step with the seemingly post-homophobia ethos they exist within. Drawing on media trade publications, I place these patterns for representing homophobia in their market context, arguing that profit motives encourage representations of gay teens and homophobia that suggest homophobic beliefs are the domain of ‘others’, apart from the privileged viewer of teen TV: affluent, educated, female, white and non-white millennials aged 18–34. The target viewers are invited to see themselves as innocent and enlightened in relation to homophobic others, while prescribing a cure to homophobia that emphasizes individual change over social change.
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