An Ir–Ta–O/Ta/Si structure with Ir–Ta–O as electrode and Ta as diffusion barrier layer
on silicon substrate has been fabricated. The Ir–Ta–O film was deposited by reactive
sputtering using separate Ir and Ta targets in oxygen ambient. Annealing results
performed from 500–1000°C in oxygen ambient showed that the Ir–Ta–O film exhibited
extraordinary high temperature stability. This film showed good conductivity and
integrity even after 5 min annealing at 1000°C. No destructive peeling and hillock
formation were observed. By using this film as bottom electrode for depositing
ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film at 800°C, good ferroelectric properties were achieved.
The luminescence polarization method using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser and a streak camera is applied to the measurement of the spin relaxation time and the lifetime of electrons in the strained-GaAs-layer photocathode of a polarized electron source. The spin relaxation time and the electron lifetime are 105 ps and 45 ps at room temperature, respectively. Electron-hole scattering is thought to be the main mechanism of the spin relaxation of our strained-GaAs photocathode.
Oxazolidinone are effective antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The emergence and global spread of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes such as
optrA
is worrisome.
Enterococcus
spp. can become causes of hospital-associated infections and are also widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and the natural environment.
Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) offers the prospect for significant increases in various technical performance parameters, such as material strength and density. This performance would enhance the capabilities of many classes of space systems. To begin analysing this effect, a first step is to take previously defined space system architectures, not originally intended to use molecular nanotechnology, and calculate how well those systems would perform when simply using the MNT technical performance parameters. This paper discusses chemical rockets for putting payloads into an Earth orbit, both single-stage and two-stage architectures, synchronous and rotating skyhooks, solar sails and solar electric ion engines, and large, inhabited space colonies. In all cases, MNT offers the possibility of significant system improvements.
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