Management and construction can increase resilience in the face of climate change, and benefits can be enhanced through integration of biogenic materials including shells and vegetation. Rivers and coastal landforms are dynamic systems that respond to intentional and unintended manipulation of critical factors, often with unforeseen and/or undesirable resulting effects. River management strategies have impacts that include deltas and coastal areas which are increasingly vulnerable to climate change with reference to sea level rise and storm intensity. Whereas conventional assessment and analysis of rivers and coasts has relied on modelling of hydrology, hydraulics and sediment transport, incorporating additional biological factors can offer more comprehensive, beneficial and realistic alternatives. Suitable modelling tools can provide improved decision support. The question has been whether current models can effectively address biological responses with suitable reliability and efficiency. Since morphodynamic evolution exhibits its effects on a large timescale, the choice of mathematical model is not trivial and depends upon the availability of data, as well as the spatial extent, timelines and computation effort desired. The ultimate goal of the work is to set up a conveniently simplified river morphodynamic model, coupled with a biological dynamics plant population model able to predict the long-term evolution of large alluvial river systems managed through bioengineering. This paper presents the first step of the work related to the application of the model accounting for stationary vegetation condition. Sensitivity analysis has been performed on the main hydraulic, sedimentology, and biological parameters. The model has been applied to significant river training in Europe, Asia and North America, and comparative analysis has been used to validate analytical solutions. Data gaps and further areas for investigation are identified.
California, and practicing in the fields of erosion and sediment control, watershed restoration, stream restoration, and bioengineering. His career has focused on practical solutions applicable in the arid and semi-arid conditions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, emphasizing hands-on methods and guidance to contractors. He brings over 21 years of experience training others in erosion and sediment control, watershed restoration, stream restoration, and bioengineering through multiple channels including online video trainings. He has been an adjunct instructor at Shasta College since 1998, teaching Watershed Restoration and Construction Site Erosion Control. Drawing on his training and experience as a Watershed Geologist, he has worked to support effective stabilization and revegetation on complex construction projects in CA and elsewhere for more than three decades. His projects have tackled saprolitic bedrock materials, creeks populated with endangered species, and sites where prior construction measures have failed. McCullah authored the first Erosion and Sediment Control BMP Manuals for Shasta County in 1992 and then published the award-winning Erosion Draw Manual with AutoCad Typical Drawings in 1994. As a member (and instructor) with the International Erosion Control Association (IECA), John also served on its Board of Directors for 5 years. He served as co-author on the report for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program on "Environmentally Sensitive Channel and Streambank Protection Measures." John managed the Caltrans 24-hour Certified Stormwater Training at the College and is the Project manager for the Shasta College Erosion Control Training Facility, a six-acre site built to replicate construction site conditions in order to research and demonstrate the proper use of BMPs. For over Control BMPs on Caltrans Construction Sites", two-day field courses provided to personnel at each Levee Vegetation Research Program. Professor Gray's industrial experience includes a position as six years John was the co-instructor for "Field Application Training for Erosion and Sediment About the Authors xix Caltrans District. This hands-on training led John to develop and produce the erosion control training video series "Dirt Time" with John McCullah. It has been said that "Dirt Time is to Erosion Control as This Old House is to home renovation". Salix has also developed the popular design manuals on CD; ErosionDraw, BioDraw, and ESenSS. Mr. McCullah has been a Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC #311) since 1986, has a BS in watershed geology from Humboldt State University, and is a California Contractor.
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