Regarding compliance and minimization of side effects of nilotinib therapy, there is a medical need to have a gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability that is able to administer an optimal dose in a quaque die (QD) or daily manner. In this study, the influence on a swelling and floating (sf) GRDDS composed of a polymeric excipient (HPMC 90SH 100K, HEC 250HHX, or PEO 7000K) and Kollidon® SR was examined. Results demonstrated that PEO 7000K/Kollidon SR (P/K) at a 7/3 ratio was determined to be a basic GRDDS formulation with optimal swelling and floating abilities. MCC PH102 or HPCsssl,SFP was further added at a 50% content to this basic formulation to increase the tablet hardness and release all of the drug within 24 h. Also, the caplet form and capsule form containing the same formulation demonstrated higher hardness for the former and enhanced floating ability for the latter. A pharmacokinetic study on rabbits with pH values in stomach and intestine similar to human confirmed that the enhanced oral bioavailability ranged from 2.65–8.39-fold with respect to Tasigna, a commercially available form of nilotinib. In conclusion, the multiple of enhancement of the oral bioavailability of nilotinib with sfGRDDS could offer a pharmacokinetic profile with therapeutic effectiveness for the QD administration of a reasonable dose of nilotinib, thereby increasing compliance and minimizing side effects.
Objective This study was intended to utilize lecithin-based mixed polymeric micelles ( lb MPMs) for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of honokiol and magnolol to resolve the hindrance of their extreme hydrophobicity on the clinical applications. Methods Lecithin was selected to increase the volume of the core of lb MPMs, thereby providing a greater solubilization capacity. A series of amphiphilic polymers (sodium deoxycholate [NaDOC], Cremophor ®, and Pluronic ® series) were included with lecithin for screening and optimization. Results After preliminary evaluation and subsequentially optimization, two lb MPMs formulations composed of honokiol/magnolol:lecithin:NaDOC ( lb MPMs[NaDOC]) and honokiol/magnolol:lecithin:PP123 ( lb MPMs[PP123]) in respective ratios of 6:2:5 and 1:1:10 were optimally obtained with the mean particle sizes of 80–150 nm, encapsulation efficacy (EEs) of >90%, and drug loading (DL) of >9.0%. These lb MPMs efficiently stabilized honokiol/magnolol in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature or 4 °C and in fetal bovine serum or PBS at 37 °C. PK study demonstrated that lb MPMs[NaDOC] showed much improvement in enhancing bioavailability than that by lb MPMs[PP123] for both honokiol and magnolol. The absolute bioavailability for honokiol and magnolol after intravenous administration of lb MPMs[NaDOC] exhibited 0.93- and 3.4-fold increases, respectively, compared to that of free honokiol and magnolol. For oral administration with lb MPMs[NaDOC], the absolute bioavailability of honokiol was 4.8%, and the absolute and relative bioavailability of magnolol were 20.1% and 2.9-fold increase, respectively. Conclusion Overall, honokiol/magnolol loaded in lb MPMs[NaDOC] showed an improvement of solubility with suitable physical characteristics leading to enhance honokiol and magnolol bioavailability and facilitating their wider application as therapeutic agents for treating human disorders.
Using a synthetic method designed and installed with laser monitor on line, the solubility values of benzoic acid in ethanol, benzene, acetic acid and ethyl acetate were determined over the temperature range of 291.69-356.27 K. The solubility of benzoic acid in all cases investigated was found to increase with temperature. The two-parameters empirical and λh equations were used successfully to correlate experimental data of benzoic acid solubilities in organic solvents. The mean absolute error σ of 65 data points correlating by two-parameters empirical equation and λh equation was less than 1%. Finally, molar dissolution enthalpy ΔsolH of benzoic acid in organic solvents was determined with the newly obtained empirical equation parameters.
Therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) with combined therapy of carfilzomib (CFZ) and paclitaxel (PTX) co-loaded in human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs) was examined. Methods: CFZ and PTX were encapsulated individually or combined into HSA NPs by a simple reverse self-assembly method developed to achieve an optimal combination ratio for synergistic therapy. CFZ or/and PTX loaded HSA nanoparticles were physically characterized and the evaluation of combination index, drug release, pharmacokinetic, anti-tumor, and biodistribution studies were conducted. Results: All resultant drug-loaded HSA NPs were spherical with a particle size of <150 nm and a zeta potential of −21.1~−23.0 mV. Drug loading rates and entrapment efficiencies were 9.1%~10.1% and 90.7%~97.1%, respectively. CFZ and PTX demonstrated synergistic effects in an MIA PaCa-2 cytotoxicity at a 1:2 ratio (CI 50 were 0.01~0.25). In vitro dissolution revealed that the CFZ/PTX ratio released from the co-loaded HSA NPs (CFZ/PTX/HSA NPs) was about 1.77~2.08, which conformed to the designated loaded ratio. In vivo evaluation showed that the combined therapy of CFZ and PTX at a 1:2 ratio co-loaded in HSA NPs (CFZ/PTX/HSA NPs) demonstrated optimal synergistic improvement of the growth inhibition of MIA PaCa-2 cells with less systematic toxicity, even though the pharmacokinetic profiles observed did not show obvious beneficial and their biodistributions in tumors were found to be smaller. Conclusion:The one-pot reverse assembly method developed was environmentally friendly and capable of co-loading an optimal combination ratio of two chemodrugs into HSA NPs for synergistic therapy.
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