These findings illustrate the need for prompt identification and proper management of the associated life-threatening injuries in facial fracture patients. Clinical assessment should begin with evaluation of cerebral trauma, followed by hemorrhagic shock, airway compromise, and hemopneumothorax. Proper management may require a multidisciplinary and coordinated team approach.
The microsurgical combined scapular/parascapular flap, providing a large area of tissue for coverage in three dimensions with a reliable blood supply by only one pedicle anastomosis during surgery, is a good option for reconstruction of the severe neck contracture. We classify the inset of the combined scapular/parascapular flap into three types with six subtypes, according to the location of defects and the relation of the parascapular flap to the scapular flap.
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