Sustained carrying could result in muscular fatigue of the upper limb. Ten male and ten female subjects were recruited for measurements of isometric arm strength before and during carrying a load for a period of 4 minutes. Two levels of load of carrying were tested for each of the male and female subjects. Exponential function based predictive equations for the isometric arm strength were established. The mean absolute deviations of these models in predicting the isometric arm strength were in the range of 3.24 to 17.34 N. Regression analyses between the subjective ratings of upper limb fatigue and force change index (FCI) for the carrying were also performed. The results indicated that the subjective rating of muscular fatigue may be estimated by multiplying the FCI with a constant. The FCI may, therefore, be adopted as an index to assess muscular fatigue for two-handed carrying tasks.

The aim of this research was to analyse football tournaments, UEFA Euro 2021 and Copa America 2021, to provide statistical measurement to predict which teams were likely to be qualified to the next round in the knockout stage. The research method used to collect six key variables statistics including total attempts, on target, possession, passes attempted, passing accuracy, and corners taken from 79 matches in UEFA Euro 2021 and Copa America 2021. The data were analysed by the grey relational analysis (GRA). The results were as follows: first, this study presented variables related to goals scored and offense correlated on goals scored. Second, this study proposed a GRA model that provides an efficient way to predict match outcomes. Third, the GRA model will perform better than the FIFA world ranking when more teams participated and the world ranking were tight.

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