Significant decreases in median nerve area and perimeter as well as significant increases in median nerve strain were observed after carpal tunnel release. The results of this study may be useful when considering how the median nerve recovers after carpal tunnel release.
Background: To assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) digital pre-operative planning, we compared the radiographic parameters of the distal radius from 3D planning and conventional planning after osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures. We hypothesized that the use of 3D digital planning may improve radiographic outcomes for reduction and decrease the risk of correction loss.Methods: Sixty wrists of 60 distal radius fracture patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the order of hospital visits. Thirty wrists were treated with 3D preoperative planning as the plan group. Another thirty wrists were treated with conventional preoperative planning as the control group. Both groups were treated with volar locking plates. In the plan group, 3D digital preoperative planning and a surgical simulation were performed in order to determine the reduction and placement of the implants in addition to the plate/screw size prior to surgery. In the control group, conventional preoperative planning was performed. Ulnar variance, volar tilt, and radial inclination were measured at one week, three and six months after surgery. Difference of the measurement of radiographic parameters between operated and healthy side wrists were compared between plan and control groups at one week after surgery. Loss of corrections for radiographic parameters were compared between plan and control groups.Results: The differences between the operated and healthy side wrists were significantly smaller in the plan group compared to the control group for the volar tilt and radial inclination (p < 0.05).The loss of corrections for ulnar variance and volar tilt were significantly smaller in the plan group compared to the control group at six months after surgery (p < 0.05).Conclusions: 3D preoperative planning offers better reduction accuracy and reduces correction loss in the osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures.
BackgroundForceful activities of the wrist were considered to be a risk factor for the epicondylitis. However, there are still conflicting evidence concerning work-relatedness of epicondylitis. The main problem is that there is little information about which forearm postures are capable of withstanding higher torque loads and the extent of the differences in the torques generated by different forearm postures. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in wrist flexion and extension torques among different forearm positions in healthy subjects.MethodsTwenty wrists of 10 asymptomatic volunteers were evaluated. The apparatus to measure the wrist torque consisted of a handle with a force sensor and a table to place the forearm in different positions. The direction of the handle can change when measuring different forearm positions. The forearm of the examinee was secured to the table. The participants were asked to exert themselves in maximal isometric contraction for wrist flexion or extension, and to maintain it for 5 s. Each evaluation of the flexion and extension torque was conducted twice. Three forearm positions were evaluated: neutral, pronation, and supination. The intra-class correlation coefficients between first and second measurements were evaluated for the maximum torque. The maximum torques and flexion/extension ratio were compared among the positions. In addition, the agility and endurance for the wrist extension/flexion torques were compared among the positions.ResultsThe intra-class correlation coefficients between first and second measurements were 0.928 and 0.866 for the wrist flexion and extension measurements, respectively. The highest torques for the wrist flexion and extension were observed in the supination and pronation positions, respectively (P < 0.01). There was a higher extension/flexion ratio in the supination position compared to the other positions (P < 0.05). There was a superior agility for the wrist flexion in the supination position compared to the pronation position.ConclusionsThe normal balance of the wrist flexion–extension torques in different forearm positions were characterized. This information might aid the provision of advice regarding the optimal positions for performing specific tasks and could help to elucidate the pathophysiology of epicondylitis.
This study investigated the feasibility of using a digital image analysis system to process the information contained in microradiographs of tooth sections that included dental caries lesions. The results show that by using an aluminum step wedge to provide a range of thickness standards and a sound area of the sample as an internal reference, data on tooth mineral content as a function of the location can be obtained with an estimated error of less than 5% relative to the mineral content of sound area. This microradiographic technique allows the response of tooth samples to a remineralization treatment to be quantitatively measured and statistically analyzed.
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