This Letter investigates the trade-off between the biasing conditions (biasing current and electrolyte concentration) and energy dissipation in high-frequency liquid metal electronics using electrochemically controlled capillarity (ECC). ECC can control the interfacial tension of liquid metal via DC current as a method to move the metal in capillaries. It requires a conductive electrolyte to facilitate the electrochemical reactions. Here, the authors measure the withdrawal rate of liquid metal under different biasing currents and electrolyte concentrations. The results indicate that a larger biasing current and a more concentrated electrolyte induce a faster withdrawal motion of liquid metal. This Letter also explores the change of antenna efficiency when different electrolyte concentrations are chosen. The selection of electrolyte concentration for high-antenna efficiency conflicts with the need for fast withdrawal speed and low-DC power consumption of the liquid metal system, therefore requiring a balance among the various parameters when ECC is applied in practical liquid metal electronics.
For the stability of the intervening pillar of the sublevel drilling open-stope subsequent filling mining method, the multifactor stability mechanical model of the intervening pillar under two different constraint conditions (Model 1 and Model 2) was established based on the elastic thin plate theory. Then, the cusp catastrophe equation and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the instability of the intervening pillar under two different constraint conditions were obtained by using the cusp catastrophe theory. Furthermore, the minimum thickness formula for the intervening pillar without instability under two different constraint conditions was derived, and the relationships between the minimum thickness of the intervening pillar and the factors, including the depth of the stope, the inclination of the orebody, the thickness of the orebody, the height of the stage, the length of the stope, and the mechanical properties of the orebody, were analyzed. Finally, the formula was used in the design of an intervening pillar between stopes 4-1 and 4-2 in Panlong Lead-Zinc Mine. The designed thickness of the pillar was 6.01 m by calculation, its actual thickness was 6.35–7.25 m in the mining process, and its average thickness was 6.5 m. Compared with the previously designed thickness of 7-8 m at the same stage, the pillar was 0.5–1.5 m smaller, which more effectively improved the recovery rate of the ore under the premise of ensuring the stability of the intervening pillar. This example of industrial application proves that it is feasible to use the cusp catastrophe theory to analyze the stability and parameter design of the intervening pillar under different constraints.
The article proposes a new imaging method for ground penetrating radar (GPR) nondestructive testing (DET). Traditional GPR range migration (RM) imaging algorithm regards all the data in GPR echo data as equally important. This assumption is always not in consistent with real GPR detection scenario and usually cannot obtain high quality imaging results. To improve the quality of GPR imaging results, a new windowed RM imaging algorithm is presented in this paper. The radar profile is processed by one-dimensional windowed Fourier transform. The central point of window function is determined by maximum intensity technique. By using windowed RM imaging algorithm, the clutter of GPR profile is suppressed and the imaging results quality is improved. The simulation of this algorithm is processed and experimental results validate the feasibility of this algorithm.
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