Normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats were fed a low carbohydrate diet or one of two high carbohydrate diets (sucrose or starch-bran). High carbohydrate diets were associated with slightly higher plasma glucose levels in both control and diabetic rats. However, glucose tolerance tests were not altered by the diets in either the control or diabetic rats. Plasma and liver triglyceride values for control and diabetic rats fed the high sucrose diet were similar to those of rats fed the low carbohydrate diet. The starch-bran diet was associated with lower plasma and liver triglyceride values in both control and diabetic rats. Plasma triglyceride values of diabetic rats fed the high sucrose diet or the low carbohydrate diet were significantly higher than values of control rats fed the same diets. On the other hand, plasma triglyceride values of diabetic rats fed the starch-bran diet were similar to values for control rats fed the same diet. These studies suggest that a high carbohydrate diet containing starch and wheat bran is associated with a reduction in plasma triglyceride values in both normal and diabetic rats. Liver glycolytic enzyme activities were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in control rats in all three dietary groups.
Effects of pregnancy superimposed upon a rapid phase of growth in the rat on the vitamin B-6 needs during gestation were examined. Rats were fed 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, or 19.2 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg diet from weaning. Some animals from each dietary treatment were mated at 55 (P-55) and 115 (P-115) days of age; others of the same ages served as nonpregnant controls. Analyses were made on day 21 of gestation. Excepting the 1.2-mg diet treatment, maternal weight gains during gestation were greater for P-55 groups compared with gains of the P-115 groups, possibly reflecting maternal growth. Both maternal weight gains and fetal weights were less for the 1.2-mg, P-55 group; otherwise reproductive performance was similar among the groups. On the basis of stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity by pyridoxal phosphate added in vitro, the needs in all pregnant and nonpregnant groups were met by 2.4 mg pyridoxine/kg diet. However, on the basis of vitamin B-6 saturation of tissues, the pyridoxine needs were 9.6 mg/kg diet for young growing animals and 4.8 mg/kg diet for older animals in which growth had almost ceased. The needs for both young and older pregnant animals possibly exceeded 19.2 mg pyridoxine/kg diet for vitamin B-6 saturation of maternal liver, fetus, and fetal brain. Pregnancy superimposed upon a rapid phase of growth in conjunction with a restricted intake of pyridoxine resulted in low values for most parameters used in the assessments compared with values for animals fed the same vitamin level but mated after growth velocity had diminished.
The effects of feeding four levels of dietary iron, 10, 50, 250 and 1.250 mg/kg were studied during pregnancy in growing and adult rats. Hematological measurements, plasma iron and total iron binding capacity, and iron content in liver, spleen and tibia were compared relative to pregnancy, diet and growth. Iron content in fetuses and fetal livers were compared relative to diet and growth of the dams. All parameters were lowest in rats fed the 10 mg Fe/kg diet. The highest level of iron fed, 1,250 mg/kg, resulted in increased iron content in liver, spleen and tibia of all treatment groups but did not alter hematological values or fetal iron content. Pregnant rats fed any of the four levels of iron had significantly lower Hb, Ht, total and storage iron concentration and ferritin and hemosiderin iron in liver than nonpregnant rats fed the same levels. The level of dietary iron needed by growing pregnant rats for maximal iron content in fetuses and fetal livers was between 50 and 250 mg Fe/kg which was fivefold that needed to obtain maximal hemoglobin concentration in dams. However, adult pregnant rats only needed between 10 to 50 mg Fe/kg for both maximal iron stores in fetal tissues and maximal hemoglobin concentration.
Information on the carbohydrate, protein, fat, kilocalorie, and plant fiber content of 152 common foods has been collated. These data are based on information currently available and will need to be modified and updated as more information emerges. These data are presented in six tables that follow the format of the commonly used Exchange Lists for Meal Planning for patients with diabetes mellitus.
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