Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are widely used in many areas, such as industrial, commercial and public-safety environments. However, due to the open nature of wireless communication, it is relatively easy for an adversary to launch serious wormhole attack which can't be even prevented by cryptographic protocols. To enhance the efficiency and facility of wormhole detection, we here propose a high efficiency wormhole detection algorithm based on 2-hop neighbor in WMNs, which is called Wormhole Detection based on Neighbor's Neighbor scheme (WDNN). Then a simple Random Walk Route scheme (RWR) is proposed to prevent routes from wormholes, which attract traffic of the routing protocols based on least cost. In WDNN, through enlarging the transmission range of the 2-hop neighbor, the faked network topology resulted by wormholes can be detected without using extra hardware or clock synchronization. In RWR, the route is chosen without using the low latency link which is created by wormholes. Security analysis shows that the wormhole attacks can be detected and also be prevented using our schemes efficiently. And our simulation results also indicate that our schemes can obtain a 100% wormhole detection rate and prevent routes from being attacked by the adversary against traditional routing protocols.
Abstract:Congestion is an essential problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present a traffic allocation and reallocation algorithm based cross-layer. There are mainly two parts in this framework: Efficient COgestion Traffic Allocation (ECOTA), Efficient COgestion DEection and Mitigation (ECODEM). By measuring Round Time of Trip (RTT), current traffic and node minimum energy of all paths, some low energy consumptions and short delay paths will be selected to increase the success rate of data transmission. When the congestion happens to Sensor Network, the congested areas will be detected by methods of checking node buffer and cross-layer state, and then nodes can quickly recover from congested situations by diverting the traffic to the non-congested area. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm compared with COTA+CODEM can improve the success rate of packet delivery, reduce the transmission delay of end to end and improve the overall performance of the network.
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