Background Suicide represents a public health concern, imposing a dramatic burden. Prosuicide websites are “virtual pathways” facilitating a rise in suicidal behaviors, especially among socially isolated, susceptible individuals. Objective The aim of this study is to characterize suicide-related webpages in the Italian language. Methods The first 5 most commonly used search engines in Italy (ie, Bing, Virgilio, Yahoo, Google, and Libero) were mined using the term “suicidio” (Italian for suicide). For each search, the first 100 webpages were considered. Websites resulting from each search were collected and duplicates deleted so that unique webpages could be analyzed and rated with the HONcode instrument Results A total of 65 webpages were included: 12.5% (8/64) were antisuicide and 6.3% (4/64) explicitly prosuicide. The majority of the included websites had a mixed or neutral attitude toward suicide (52/64, 81.2%) and had informative content and purpose (39/64, 60.9%). Most webpages targeted adolescents as an age group (38/64, 59.4%), contained a reference to other psychiatric disorders or comorbidities (42/64, 65.6%), included medical/professional supervision or guidance (45/64, 70.3%), lacked figures or pictures related to suicide (41/64, 64.1%), and did not contain any access restraint (62/64, 96.9%). The major shortcoming to this study is the small sample size of webpages analyzed and the search limited to the keyword “suicide.” Conclusions Specialized mental health professionals should try to improve their presence online by providing high-quality material.
Background Physical education teachers often experience stress and job disengagement. Objective This study’s aims were as follows: (1) to adapt in the Arabic language and test the reliability and the validity of the work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC) scales, (2) to develop and assess the psychometric properties of work disengagement among physical education teachers, and (3) to evaluate an explanatory model by presenting the mediating role of perceived stress as a major influencing factor in work disengagement and job satisfaction. Methods A total of 303 primary and secondary school physical education teachers, comprising 165 (54.5%) men and 138 (45.5%) women participated voluntarily in our study. The measuring instruments are the Work Disengagement Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the WFC scale, the FWC scale, and the 9-item Teacher of Physical Education Job Satisfaction Inventory. Results The Arabic language versions of the WFC and FWC scales had reasonably adequate psychometric properties, which were justified by confirmatory factor analyses and by the measurement of reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity through the measurement model using SmartPLS software. Similarly, the structural model established with SmartPLS confirmed strong links of the concepts of FWC, WFC, the job satisfaction questionnaire, and perceived stress with work disengagement among teachers of physical education. Conclusions There is a growing interest in helping teachers cope with the daily pressures of work and family. A positive organizational context is a context with clear values regarding work priorities, which constitutes the basis of a feeling of shared responsibility and professional support. Good conditions can act as protective factors reducing work stress and positively influencing personal well-being, work attitudes, work commitment, and professional efficiency. Additional research on teachers is needed to examine the relationship between perceived work stress and the role of families, along with the extent to which this association can have a significant impact on teachers’ commitment to work.
UNSTRUCTURED Objective: Validation and examination of the psychometrics of an adapted version in Arabic of the Game Experience Questionnaire in Tunisia. Methods: A total of 771 voluntary participants completed an online survey that included an adapted Arabic version of the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), gaming data and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Subjects were randomized to complete two exploratory and confirmatory phases. 360 selected participants, aged 23.89± 2.29, provided exploratory data. Female (n = 111; 30.83%) and male (n = 249; 69.2%) participants were recruited. However, confirmatory data were acquired from 411 subjects with 19–26-year-olds (M = 21.94, SD = 1.80). Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the Arabic version of the GEQ provided an adequate factor structure, after the elimination of two items. In addition, the internal consistency measured by the three McDonald's instruments, Cronbach's α Guttman's λ6 suggests the reliability of the instrument. The discriminant and convergent validity of the instrument were supported respectively by calculating the Extracted Mean Variance (AVE) and comparing the square roots of the AVE to the correlation coefficients. Conclusion: The Arabic-adapted version of the GEQ is a valid and reliable version and can be administered to measure game experience in Arab countries.
BACKGROUND Suicide represents a public health concern, imposing a dramatic burden. Pro-suicide websites are “virtual pathways” facilitating the insurgence of suicidal behaviors, especially among socially-isolated, susceptible individuals. OBJECTIVE To characterize suicide-related web-pages in the Italian language. METHODS The first five most commonly used search engines in Italy (namely, Bing©, Virgilio©, Yahoo©, Google©, and Libero©) were mined, searching for “suicidio” (Italian for suicide). For each search, the first 100 web-pages were considered. Web-sites resulting from each search were collected and duplicates deleted, in such a way that unique web-pages were analyzed and rated, using the HONcode© instrument. RESULTS Sixty-five web-pages were included: 12.5% were anti-suicide and 6.3% explicitly pro-suicide. The majority of the included websites had a mixed/neutral attitude towards suicide (81.2%) and had an informative content and purpose (60.9%). Most web-pages targeted adolescents as age-group (59.4%), contained a reference to other psychiatric disorders/co-morbidities (65.6%), were with a medical/professional supervision/guidance (70.3%), without figures/pictures related to suicide (64.1%) and did not contain any access restraint (96.9%). CONCLUSIONS The major shortcoming is the small sample size of web-pages analyzed and the search limited to the keyword “suicide”. Specialized mental health professionals should try to improve their presence online and providing high-quality material.
BACKGROUND Physical education teachers often experience stress and job disengagement. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a measurement scale of job disengagement among physical education teachers and to present an explanatory model by presenting the mediating role of perceived stress as a major factor in disengagement and job satisfaction, also the relationship between family and work as an indirect effect for this phenomenon. METHODS A total of 268 primary and secondary school physical education teachers, made up of 165 men (54.46%) and 138 women (45.54%) participated voluntarily in our study. The measuring instruments are the work disengagement scale, the Perceived stress scale, the Work-family conflict scale (WFC), the family-work conflict scale (FWC), and the scale of dissatisfaction at work. RESULTS the Arabic language versions of the WFC and the FWC had reasonably adequate psychometric properties which were justified by confirmatory analyzes and by the measurement of reliability, convergent and discriminant validity through the measurement model in SmartPls. Likewise, the structural model established with the SmartPLS software confirmed strong links of the concepts FWC, WFCS, the questionnaire of job satisfaction, the perceived stress with the disengagement of work among teachers of physical education. CONCLUSIONS There is a growing interest in helping teachers cope with the daily pressures of work and family. A positive organizational context is a context with clear values regarding work priorities that constitutes the basis of a feeling of shared responsibility and professional support.Good conditions can act as protective factors reducing work stress and positively influencing personal well-being, work attitudes, work commitment, and professional efficiency. Additional teacher research is needed to examine the relationship between perceived work stress and the role of families, also the extent to which this association can have a significant impact on teachers' commitment to work.
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