Departing from the mandatory vaccination had been debated and received a lot of rejection which has caused intense emotions. In this study, the authors tried to evaluate the mandatory regulation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination from a human rights and utilitarianism perspective. By conducting normative research method, this study revealed that indeed the obligation that tends to be coercive for COVID-19 vaccination seems to violate individual human rights which each individual has the right to decide for themselves whether they want to participate in the program or not without coercion. However, mandatory vaccination is still justified, from a human rights perspective, to protect other people's rights not to be infected with infectious diseases. This is also in line with a utilitarian perspective that departs from the argument that vaccines provide a myriad of benefits for many people in the midst of a pandemic, therefore to create benefits for the majority of society, the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is something that is needed. Even if necessary, both sanctions and punishments can be justified in utilitarianism to achieve the greatest utility for the society.
The development of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase. Islamic cooperatives are one of the alternatives for some members who will build cooperatives based on several sharia principles. The establishment of sharia cooperatives has encountered conflicts, which are not only in Law Number 25 of 1992 on Cooperatives but are also regulated in Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Micro Financial Institutions. The formulation of the problem of this research is to find legal clarity in the registration and establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body. The research system used in reviewing the registration and establishment of the legal body of Islamic cooperatives uses normative legal research, which is called library research. From the results of this research, the establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body still refers to Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives as replaced by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This is because the Microfinance Institution Law only states that the cooperative is a form of MFI legal entity and does not control in detail the cooperative. This system uses statutory provisions as special legal material and is supported by secondary legal materials in the form of books and journal articles.
One way of conventional medicine in Indonesia is the herbal medicinal plant tobacco which is a controversial plant. However, currently, many types of businesses offer health services using alternative medicine using traditional medicine. Of course, this is contrary to the anti-tobacco campaign launched by the government and the regulations on tobacco contained in various laws and regulations. Therefore, this study aims to examine how the legal system regarding tobacco is related to conflicts of interest in tobacco use for treatment. This research is normative juridical research. Through a statutory and conceptual approach, the aim is to understand the importance of using tobacco as alternative medicine. The results of this study are that the government should make tobacco a priority for traditional medicine media and provide legality to community therapy houses because it is proven that tobacco can make a positive contribution to improving health.
The concept of Sociological jurisprudence has the view that as a product created by society, law also aims to protect the interests and satisfy society, which in turn becomes a means of controlling society itself. The purpose of the study or research in this article is to achieve these goals effectively. Through doctrinal research methods with a conceptual and statutory approach, the results and findings of this study indicate that effective law is the law that carries out its functions properly and correctly. And to achieve that, the effectiveness of the law can be realized through four things, namely by the values prevailing in society, social facts, the aspirations of the community and also the interests of society in the making, interpretation, and application of legal regulations against Public
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