Bacteriophage particles are the most abundant biological entities on our planet, infecting specific bacterial hosts in every known environment and being major drivers of bacterial adaptive evolution. The study of bacteriophage particles potentially sheds light on the development of new biotechnology products. Bacteriophage therapy, although not new, makes use of strictly lytic phage particles as an alternative in the antimicrobial treatment of resistant bacterial infections and is being rediscovered as a safe method due to the fact that these biological entities devoid of any metabolic machinery do not have affinity to eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, bacteriophage-based vaccination is emerging as one of the most promising preventive strategies. This review paper discusses the biological nature of bacteriophage particles, their mode(s) of action and potential exploitation in modern biotechnology. Topics covered in detail include the potential of bacteriophage particles in human infections (bacteriophage therapy), nanocages for gene delivery, food biopreservation and safety, biocontrol of plant pathogens, phage display, bacterial biosensing devices, vaccines and vaccine carriers, biofilm and bacterial growth control, surface disinfection, corrosion control, together with structural and functional stabilization issues.
In this research project, synthesis and characterization of ionic liquids and their subsequent utilization as facilitators of transdermal delivery of human insulin was pursued. Choline geranate and choline oleate ionic liquids (and their deep eutectic solvents) were produced and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), water content, oxidative stability, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays, and ability to promote transdermal protein permeation. The results gathered clearly suggest that all ionic liquids were able to promote/facilitate transdermal permeation of insulin, although to various extents. In particular, choline geranate 1:2 combined with its virtually nil cytoand geno-toxicity was chosen to be incorporated in a biopolymeric formulation making it a suitable facilitator aiming at transdermal delivery of insulin.
Aim: A sodium alginate-based biohydrogel was prepared integrating choline oleate deep euthetic solvent as facilitator of transdermal delivery and a cocktail of lytic bacteriophages for Acinetobacter baumannii, aiming at treating soft-tissue infections by the aforementioned pathogen. Materials & methods: Two bacteriophages were isolated from a hospital sewage and a wastewater treatment plant sewage in Sorocaba (Brazil), and characterized via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, transmission electron microscope and evaluation of lytic spectra of the bacteriophage cocktail. The biohydrogel was prepared and characterized by DSC, FTIR, XRD, DESEM, XRT and transdermal permeation of the bacteriophage cocktail. Results & conclusion: The physico-chemical characterization of the biohydrogel produce indicated adequate structural characteristics and ability to promote/facilitate transdermal delivery of bacteriophage particles, thus showing potential for biopharmaceutical applications.
Production of bacterial nanocellulose was pursued as a matrix system for the stabilization of human insulin. The biomembranes produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii were washed with 2% aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate solution, rinsed with ultrapure water and immersed in 1 mol L -1 NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 90 min until neutralization. For the insulin adsorption assays, the biomembranes were soaked in a buffered solution of human insulin until no protein could be detected in the supernatant. The membranes with adsorbed insulin were characterized via mechanical resistance (resilience, relaxation, perforation), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Gravimetrical Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analyses. The FESEM photomicrographs of the surface of the biomembranes showed a rugged surface without cracks. The biomembranes exhibited adequate mechanical characteristics. The infrared spectra indicated that the chemical aspect of the protein moiety was preserved during adsorption onto the BNC biomembranes. According to the XRD analyses, the biomembranes showed a generalized amorphous behavior. Thermal analyses indicated an adequate thermal stability for a pharmaceuticals product. Hence, an elastic and malleable biomembrane was produced, suitable for incorporation of human insulin, aiming at transdermal delivery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.