-Garlic is a vegetable that has economic and social relevance in Brazil. Rio Grande do Norte is among the consumer states, however, despite having regions with favorable conditions for growing garlic, it depends on imports of this product to meet its demand. The introduction of cultivars that have high yield and quality, and the adjustments in vernalization technology, which is a key issue for adaptation of new cultivars, are mechanisms that can contribute to garlic revitalization in areas previously producing this vegetable. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the quality characteristics of semi-noble garlic cultivars subjected to different bulb-seed pre-planting vernalization periods in two counties of the Western Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil. Two experiments were simultaneously conducted in Barauna RN and Governador Dix-sept Rosado RN, from April to November, 2012. A complete randomized block experimental design was used with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split-plot design, with the plots consisted of cultivars (Gigante-do-Nucleo and BRS-Hozan) and subplots consisted of bulb-seed preplanting vernalization (4±1°C) periods (0, 10, 20 and 30 days). The evaluations consisted of bulb diameter, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, pungency, total solids and industrial index. The use of 10-day bulb-seed pre-planting vernalization increased the semi-noble garlic quality produced in Barauna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado. The cultivars Gigante-do-Nucleo and BRS-Hozan presented good prospects for industrialization, with good characteristics of flavor and aroma. KEYWORDS:Allium sativum L. Refrigeration. Quality. Industrial index. ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DE CULTIVARES DE ALHO SEMI-NOBRE VERNALIZADO NAMESORREGIÃO OESTE POTIGUAR RESUMO -O alho é uma hortaliça de relevância econômica e social no Brasil. Entre os estados consumidores, o Rio Grande do Norte, especialmente, apesar de apresentar regiões com condições favoráveis ao cultivo de alho, depende da importação deste produto para atender a sua demanda. A introdução de cultivares mais produtivas e de qualidade, e ajustes da tecnologia de vernalização, ponto fundamental para adaptação de novas cultivares, são mecanismos que podem contribuir para revitalização do alho em regiões, anteriormente produtoras desta hortaliça. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as características qualitativas de cultivares de alho semi-nobre, submetidas a diferentes períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente em dois municípios da Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar. A pesquisa constou de dois experimentos desenvolvidos, simultaneamente, em Baraúna/RN e Governador Dix-sept Rosado/RN, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas pelas cultivares Gigante do Núcleo e BRS Hozan e as subparcelas constituídas pelos p...

Quality of carrot roots under different population densitiesThis work was carried out from July to September, 2006, at the vegetable garden of UFERSA, in Mossoró, RN, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of different plant spacing on root quality of three cultivars of carrot. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks, in a 6x3 factorial scheme, with three replications. The studied factors were spacing (20x4, 20x6, 20x8, 15x4, 15x6, and 15x8 cm) and cultivars (Brasília, Alvorada and Esplanada). The evaluated carrot root characteristics were: root length, root diameter, xylem length, xylem diameter, soluble solids content (SS), total sugar content (TS), total acidity, vitamin C, SS/TS ratio, and pH. The factors cultivar and plant spacing did not show interaction for any evaluated characteristic. Plant spacing influenced length and diameter of both root and xylem. Cultivar Alvorada had better performance for soluble solids and total sugar, as well as for SS/TS ratio.

This study proposes to relate the increase in phosphorus (P) supply in the soil, via phosphate fertilization, to oxidative damage and protection, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and enzymatic browning in minimally processed cassava. The roots were grown with 0, 60, and 120 kg ha–1 P2O5. The roots were harvested, and the yield and P content in the root, stem, and leaves were quantified. The roots were minimally processed and stored for 12 days at 5 °C. The higher supply of P in the soil increased the P content of roots and stems but not the agro-industrial yields. Roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 showed higher detection of hydrogen peroxide, which was accompanied by increased phenolic compounds, soluble quinones, and antioxidant capacity and increased activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase. The present study thus demonstrates the role of phosphorus application, induction of the synthesis of phenolic compounds, and quality of fresh-cut cassava.

Studies on lettuce genotypes growing in different environments and planting seasons are important for this crop because its productive potential is greatly affected by environmental conditions. The mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP) have been used to evaluate the effects of the genotype-environment interaction on crops. Thus, the objective of the present work was to estimate parameters of adaptability and the phenotypic stability in lettuce cultivars grown in a semiarid region of Brazil, using a mixed model. Twelve lettuce cultivars from the Americana (Angelina, Amélia, and Tainá), Crespa (Scarlet, Vera, Isabela, and Vanda), Mimosa (Mila, Mimosa, and Lavínia), and Lisa (Elisa and Regiane) groups were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/BLUP method; and the simultaneous selection of productivity, stability, and adaptability of the genotypes was based on harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values (HMRPPGV). The Amélia, Angelina, and Tainá cultivars stood out for yield. The Regiane and Elisa cultivars presented significant responses in yield and number of leaves and are the most suitable for growing in the environmental conditions of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The Crespa and Mimosa groups presented no stability and adaptability to the environmental conditions in which the experiments were conducted. More genotypes of all lettuce groups should be evaluated, and breeding programs should be developed to obtain genotypes with higher productivity, quality, and resistance to heat for semiarid regions. ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE CULTIVARES DE ALFACE EM REGIÃO DE CLIMA SEMIÁRIDORESUMO -O estudo de genótipos, em diferentes ambientes ou épocas de cultivo, tem grande importância para a cultura da alface, cuja expressão do potencial produtivo é influenciada pelas condições ambientais. Deste modo, a aplicação da metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) tem sido utilizada para avaliar os efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica que estão relacionados a produção de cultivares de alface em região de clima semiárido utilizando modelo misto. Avaliaram-se doze cultivares de alface dos grupos Americana (quatro repetições. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pela metodologia REML/BLUP e a seleção simultânea da produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade dos genótipos, baseou-se no método da média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genotípicos preditos (MHPRVG). As cultivares Amélia, Angelina e Tainá sobressaíram-se para a produtividade. As cultivares Regiane e Elisa foram responsivas para o número de folhas e produtividade, sendo as mais indicadas para o cultivo nas condições de Mossoró. Os grupos Crespa e Mimosa não foram adaptados e estáveis nas condições ambientais em que foram conduzidos os ensaios. Recomenda-se que mais genótipos de todos os grupos de ...

Garlic has a worldwide economic importance; this vegetable can be consumed fresh or processed by food industries. However, few studies evaluate its postharvest quality. It is necessary to establish cultural practices and methods that focus not only on increase of yield, but on obtaining a product with better postharvest quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bulb quality of conventional garlic and virus-free garlic as a function of seed clove size and space between plants. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in Portalegre, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used in both experiments. The treatments were arranged in split-plots, with the seed clove size (large and small) in the plots, and the plant spacings (7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 cm between plants) in the subplots. The use of large seed cloves resulted in higher bulb diameter and titratable acidity (TA). Soluble solids (SS), total soluble sugars, SS to TA ratio, and total solids decreased as the space between plants was increased, regardless of the seed health and seed clove size. Virus-free garlic seed cloves planted with spacing of 12.5 and 15.0 cm resulted in higher bulb diameter, TA, pungency, and industrial index, i.e., they produced better quality bulbs with good prospects for industrialization.

O Brasil é um dos grandes produtores de alho do mundo, entretanto, apesar de possuir condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à cultura e contar com mão de obra abundante, ainda não alcançou a autossuficiência na produção de alho, sendo, por isso, necessária a sua importação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar 11 cultivares de alho nas condições do município de Governador Dix-sept Rosado-RN. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíramse das seguintes cultivares de alho: Amarante, Branco Mossoró, Cateto Roxo, Catiguá, Caturra, Centenário, Chileno PR, Chinês Real, Gravatá, Mexicano e Morano Arequipeno. As características avaliadas foram: percentagem de plantas emergidas, altura de plantas, número de folhas vivas, diâmetro de bulbos (DB), massa fresca total das plantas (MFTP), estande final de plantas (EF), massa média de bulbos diferenciados (MMBD), percentagem de bulbos diferenciados (PBD), produção total de bulbos (PTB), classificação dos bulbos, número de bulbilhos por bulbo (NBB), classificação dos bulbilhos e índice de chochamento. As cultivares Branco Mossoró, Cateto Roxo, Caturra, Centenário, Chinês Real, Gravatá e Mexicano apresentaram maior percentagem de bulbos diferenciados com maior diâmetro, indicando maior adaptabilidade às condições de Governador Dix-sept Rosado-RN. As cultivares com melhor desempenho agronômico e, portanto, mais indicadas para plantio no município de Governador Dix-sept Rosado-RN, são Branco Mossoró e Centenário.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and production of semi-noble garlic cultivars subjected to different bulb-seed pre-planting vernalization periods in two municipalities (Barauna and Governador Dix-sept Rosado) of the Western Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Therefore, two simultaneous experiments were conducted, from April to November, 2012. A complete randomized block experimental design was used with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split-plot design, with the plots consisted of cultivars (Gigante-do-Nucleo and BRS-Hozan) and subplots consisted of bulb-seed preplanting vernalization (4±1°C) periods (0, 10, 20 and 30 days). In Barauna, the cultivar Gigante-do-Nucleo proved to be adapted, with a yield of 4.56 Mg ha -1 without vernalization, while the BRS-Hozan presented a yield of 4.42 Mg ha -1 when vernalizated for 10 days at pre-planting. In Governador Dix-sept Rosado, the vernalization of 10 days improved the adaptation of both cultivars, however, with no significant yield increases. The use of vernalization improved adaptation of cultivars in the planting locations, facilitating the emergence of plants, increasing plant height and number of leaves, however, not promoting significant yield increases, therefore, this technology should not be used for produce this type of garlic in this region.Keywords: Allium sativum L. Refrigeration. Yield. DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE CULTIVARES DE ALHO SEMI-NOBRE VERNALIZADAS NAMESORREGIÃO OESTE POTIGUAR RESUMO -Com o presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produção de cultivares de alho semi-nobre, submetidas a diferentes períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbos-semente em dois municípios da Mesorregião Oeste Potiguar. A pesquisa constou de dois experimentos desenvolvidos, simultaneamente, em Baraúna/RN e Governador Dix-sept Rosado/RN, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas representadas pelas cultivares Gigante do Núcleo e BRS Hozan e as subparcelas constituídas pelos períodos de vernalização pré-plantio dos bulbossemente a 4 ± 1 ºC: 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias. Em Baraúna, a cultivar Gigante do Núcleo mostrou-se adaptada, apresentando uma produtividade de 4,56 t ha -1 sem o uso da vernalização, enquanto a cultivar BRS Hozan obteve uma produtividade de 4,42 t ha -1 quando vernalizada por 10 dias em pré-plantio. Em Governador Dixsept Rosado, a vernalização de até 10 dias melhorou a adaptação de ambas as cultivares, entretanto, sem aumentos significativos na produtividade. O uso da vernalização, embora tenha melhorado a adaptação das cultivares nos locais de plantio, favorecendo a emergência de plantas, a altura de plantas e o número de folhas, não proporcionou aumentos significativos na produtividade, e, portanto, essa tecnologia não deve ser utilizada para produção deste tipo de alho na região.Palavras-Chave: Allium sativu...

2RESUMO -Realizou-se um experimento para avaliar o crescimento e partição de assimilados de plantas de tomate cultivadas sob cobertura ou não do solo com polipropileno preto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados completos, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, os tratamentos se constituíram de dois sistemas de cultivo (com e sem cobertura do solo polipropileno preto, TNT) e nas subparcelas, as épocas de amostragem das plantas: 14; 28; 42; 56; 70; 84; 98 e 112 dias após o transplantio, DAT. Foram avaliados: acúmulo de massa seca nas folhas (MSF), ramos (MSR), inflorescências (MSI), frutos (MSFR) e total (MST), área foliar (AF), razão de área foliar (RAF), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) e taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR ABSTRACT -An experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and division of treated tomato plants grown in soil covered or not with black polypropylene. The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks, in split plots and four replications. In the plots, the treatments consisted of two systems (with and without a black polypropylene TNT covering) and in the subplots, plant-sampling times of 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98 and 112 days after transplanting (DAT). The following were evaluated: dry matter accumulation in the leaves (DML), the branches (DMB), the inflorescences (DMI), the fruits (DMFR) total dry mass (TDM), the leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR), net assimilation rate (NAR), absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR). The ground cover did not influence the DML, DMB, DMI DMFR or TDM as well as LA, LAR, NAR, AGR or RGR. The fruits behaved as preferential drain for the plant, reaching the end of the cycle with 47.77% of the total dry mass accumulation. respectively, while the RGR and NAR decreased throughout the evaluation period.