A high-order large eddy simulation (LES) code based on the flux reconstruction (FR) scheme is further developed for supersonic jet simulation. The FR scheme provides an efficient and easy-to-implement way to achieve high-order accuracy on an unstructured mesh. The order of accuracy and the shock capturing capability of the solver are validated with the isentropic Euler vortex and Sod’s shock tube problem. A heated under-expanded supersonic jet case from NASA’s Small Hot Jet Acoustic Rig (SHJAR) database is used for validation. The turbulence statistics along the nozzle centerline and lip-line are examined. We predict the acoustic radiation with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings method, which is integrated with our solver. The far-field acoustic predictions show reasonable agreement with the experimental measurement in the upstream and downstream directions, where the shock-associated noise and the large-scale turbulent mixing noise are dominant, respectively.
Uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by Mat Rush (Juncus effusus L. var. Decipiens Bchen) (cv. Gangshan 3) and the effects of N and K fertilizers on yield and quality of paddy field-grown Mat Rush were studied. The results showed that plant tissue N and K concentrations gradually declined with plant growth, ranging from the maximum of 757 3.32% and 3.48% to the minimum of 1.66% and 1.79%, respectively. Plant tissue P concentration declined slightly during early growth, then increased in effective-stem tillering stage. Highest P concentration was 0.36%. Maximum accumulations of N, P, and K in foliage were N 293.9 kg ha À1 , P 2 O 5 59.7 kg ha À1 , and K 2 O 374.5 kg ha À1 , respectively. In comparison with the control, N fertilizer significantly increased stems per hill (SPH), average stem length (ASL), long stem percentage (LSP), and stem chlorophyll content (SCC), beneficial to stem quality improvement, leading to significantly increased yield, and meanwhile caused higher stem flowering rate (SFR) which would deteriorate the stem quality. There was no significant difference in stem yield and quality between N 1 (450 kg ha À1 ) and N 2 (900 kg ha À1 ). Potassium fertilizer significantly improved all quality parameters and yield, except for SFR. Rates of 450 kg ha À1 of N fertilizer and equal amounts of K fertilizer applied to paddy fields appear optimum to obtain high yield and quality in Mat Rush production.
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