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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the sealing ability of two root canal obturation techniques by using micro-computed tomography imaging and a push-out test. Methods The root canals of 40 human maxillary premolar teeth were instrumented and divided into four groups: (A) single cone (SC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (B) continuous wave of condensation (CWC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (C) SC followed by delayed post space preparation, and (D) CWC followed by delayed post space preparation. Micro-CT scans were performed for volumetric analysis of voids and filling materials in the apical 4-mm portion. A push-out test was performed, and failure modes (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Results No significant differences were observed among the four groups in terms of the percentage volume of voids of the apical 4 mm or the bond strength of apical gutta-percha. Conclusions The percentage volume of voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha were similar and were not significantly influenced by the timing of post space preparation or the obturation technique.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs and play crucial roles in various biological processes. However, little is known about the functions of circRNAs in osteogenic differentiation. The current study aimed to investigate the differential expression of circRNAs in rat dental follicle cells (rDFCs) during osteogenic differentiation, identified by RNA high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to further explore the biofunctions of circRNA biofunctions. Two hundred sixtysix differentially-expressed circRNAs that are involved in several important signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were revealed. Among these, circFgfr2 and its predicted downstream targets, miR-133 and BMP6 (bone morphogenetic protein-6), were identified both in vivo and in vitro. For further validation, circFgfr2 was overexpressed in rDFCs, the results showed that the expression of miR-133 was downregulated and the expression of BMP6 was upregulated. Taken together, the results revealed the circRNA expression profiles and indicated the importance of circRNAs of rDFCs. In addition, circFgfr2 might promote osteogenesis by controlling miR-133/BMP6, which is a potential new target for the manipulation of tooth regeneration and bone formation. K E Y W O R D SGene Ontology, high-throughput sequencing, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling system, microRNAs, osteogenesis

The artificial intelligence education system promotes the rooting of artificial intelligence in the education field and accelerates its entry into the era of intelligent education. This article focuses on the development of the artificial intelligence education system and proposes an artificial intelligence education system based on differential evolution algorithm optimization support vector machine. First, the processing of educational demand information data is automated, then a differential evolution algorithm is built to optimize the support vector machine model, and the model is used to implement various educational tasks to achieve automated education. The test results show that the model classification accuracy, classification recall rate, classification accuracy rate, and F1-score value are 4 items. Performances have been improved to improve the efficiency of education work and provide a reference for exploring the application and practice of artificial intelligence in education.

excessive numbers of osteoclasts are responsible for inflammation-induced osteolysis. identification of osteoclast-targeting agents may facilitate the development of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pathological bone loss. Seven-amino acid truncated (7nd) protein, a mutant form of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (McP-1), functions as a competitive inhibitor of McP-1. However, the effects of 7nd protein on osteoclast differentiation remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of 7nd protein on osteoclast differentiation induced by tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 11 were investigated. in the present study, 7nd protein inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells without influencing cell proliferation. Furthermore, to evaluate the effects of 7nd protein in vivo, a lipopolysaccharide (lPS)-induced calvarial bone erosion animal model was established. The 7nd protein remarkably attenuated lPS-induced bone resorption, as assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Taken together, the present results suggested the feasibility of local delivery of 7nd protein to mitigate osteoclast differentiation and lPS-induced osteolysis, which may represent a potential approach to treat inflammatory bone destruction.

Cover: The cover image is based on the Research Article Alteration of circular RNA expression in rat dental follicle cells during osteogenic differentiation by Yu Du PhD et al., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.28603.