Agricultural wastes, such as rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM), cause serious environmental pollution due to the non-existence of effective disposal methods. Urgent investigations are needed to explore how such wastes can be transformed into resources. In this study, we comprehensively assessed methane yield and kinetics of RS and PM anaerobic co-digestion, with or without pretreatment of a previously developed cellulolytic microflora, under conditions of their maximum organic loading rate. The anaerobic co-digestion results revealed that the cumulative methane production of RS and PM after bio-pretreatment was 342.35 ml (g-VS)−1, which is 45% higher than that of the control group [236.03 ml·(g-VS)−1]. Moreover, the kinetic analysis showed the first-order kinetic, while the modified Gompertz models revealed higher fitting properties (R2 ≥ 0.966). After bio-pretreatment, the hydrolytic constant, maximum accumulative methane production, and maximum methane production rates of RS and PM reached 0.46 day−1, 350.79 ml·(g-VS)−1, and 45.36 ml·(g-VS)−1·day−1, respectively, which were 77, 45.1, and 84.3% higher than those without pretreatment. Also, we found that the lag phase and effective methane production time after bio-pretreatment decreased from 2.43 to 1.79 days and 10.7 to 8.92 days, respectively. Upon energy balance evaluation, we reported a net energy output of 5133.02 kWh·ton−1 after bio-pretreatment. Findings from this present study demonstrated that bio-pretreatment of RS and PM mixtures with cellulolytic microflora could greatly enhance methane production and anaerobic digestion efficiency.
A method is described for the determination of ultratrace cadmium by coupling a continuous flow vapor generation system with in situ preconcentration technique and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). A graphite tube coated with Ir as permanent chemical modifier was used for trapping cadmium vapor species. The effects of the flow rates of carrier gas and sample injection in vapor generation systems on the trapping measurement for cadmium were respectively investigated. Graphite tubes with different characteristic surfaces were comparatively studied for trapping cadmium vapor. The experimental results showed that the permanent chemical modifier of Ir is an alternative to the thermolabile modifier of Pd for simplifying the trapping measurement. The trapping efficiency of cadmium on the graphite tube coated with Ir was estimated. The trapping temperature and time were also investigated. A detection limit (3σ) of 0.005 μg$L -1 was obtained for this proposed method. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.4% for 0.5 μg$L -1 of Cd (n = 11). This method can be applied to the determination of ultratrace cadmium in food and environmental samples with good agreement between the certified and found values.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.