Cultural products are a major component of the world economy and are responsible for a growing share of U.S. exports. The authors examine brand name strategies when cultural products are marketed in foreign countries. Incorporating the unique characteristics of these products, the authors develop a theoretical framework that integrates similarity, which focuses on how the translated brand name relates to the original brand name, and informativeness, which focuses on how the translated brand name reveals product content, to study the impact of brand name translations. The authors analyze Hollywood movies shown in China from 2011 to 2018. The results show that higher similarity leads to higher Chinese box office revenue, and this effect is stronger for movies that perform better in the home market (i.e., the United States). When the translated title is more informative about the movie, the Chinese box office revenue increases. The informativeness effect is stronger for Hollywood movies with greater cultural gap in the Chinese market. Moreover, both similarity and informativeness effects are strongest when the movie is released and reduce over time. This research provides valuable guidance to companies, managers, and policy makers in cultural product industries as well as those in international marketing.
Business incubation is a combination of business development processes, infrastructure, and people which is intended to nurture new businesses through their early stages. Before joining an incubator, many startups attempt to find a good‐fit incubator, but the incubator actually decides which startups are in its portfolio. We investigated the impact of incubator specialization – the percentage of competitors in the same incubator – on the startups' R&D efficiency. We measured R&D efficiency as the ratio of the number of the current year's applied patents of a startup divided by its R&D expenditure in the previous year. By analyzing survey data from startups positioned in incubators in China over a 3‐year period, we found that greater incubator specialization decreases startups' R&D efficiency, and through which incubator specialization indirectly decreases the startups' venture capital funding. The incubator's specialization is less likely to reduce R&D efficiency in startups where the startup has greater specialized technical knowledge.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.