Auxetic woven fabrics made with special geometrical structures have gained the interest of textile scientists in recent years. This paper reports a study on auxetic woven fabric based on a double-directional parallel in-phase zig-zag foldable geometrical structure. Such a fabric has been already produced and investigated for its negative Poisson's ratio effect in two principal directions (weft and warp directions). However, its negative Poisson's ratio effect in biased tensile directions as well as under repeated tensile loading conditions has not been studied yet. Therefore, in this paper, these two limitations are addressed. The auxetic woven fabric was firstly fabricated, and then subjected not only to tensile tests in different tensile directions, including two principle directions and three biased directions, but also to repeated tensile loading. It was found that both the negative Poisson's ratio effect and the resistance to tensile deformation are dependent upon the tensile direction, and the highest negative Poisson's ratio effect and higher resistance to tensile deformation are obtained in two principal directions.
Sewage sludge is a potential source
of H2-rich fuel
via a catalytic thermo-chemical reaction, which can facilitate the
economical disposal of this hazardous waste. In this study, dry sludge
is subject to a two-stage gasification process, i.e., the alkaline
pyrolysis (P-stage) and the catalytic reforming (R-stage). The evolved
volatiles from the P-stage are reformed in the R-stage with significant
enhancement in both yield and concentration of H2. The
Ni-doped catalysts are supported on dental wastes (DWs), with both
significant environmental and cost benefits. The optimized H2 production (29.03 mmol g–1 sludge, dry basis)
is observed when the R-stage temperature is 800 °C with the sludge/catalyst
mass ratio at 1:1 (Ni loading of 10 wt % in the catalyst, specific
surface area of 9.1 m2 g–1). The synergy
between P- and R-stages is investigated through GC-MS analysis, indicating
that the presence of NaOH in the P-stage eliminates the fatty acids
in the tar with production of intermediates (e.g., alkane) which most
likely contributes to easier R-stage reactions and enrichment of the
H2 fraction.
The ways of using the nanometer material to give the textile fabric some function is listed and compared in this article. In the early research, first the nanometer material preparation is alone carries on. And then using this to make the finishing agent. Finally put the agent on the fabric by finishment. At present, people combine the preparation of nanometer material and finishing agent together, and then cover this on fabric through the normal finishment. Recentlly research the trend is to compact the three steps to one step, completing the nanometer material preparation, the finishment agent production and the finishing process at the time. Various examples are given in this artile. At the end, some reserches about cotton fiber hole structure are listed, which has implicited a new way to take advantage of nanometer merterial and a bright future about a new type cotton fiber.
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