As a traditional dye, malachite green (MG) poses a threat to our environment and health. To decolorize MG, a composite ceramsite adsorbent composed of coal fly ash (CFA), sewage treatment sludge (STS), and waste glass (WG) with a quality ratio of 3 : 3 : 4, respectively, was prepared. The optimal preparation parameters were determined as follows: preheating temperature = 600 ° C , sintering temperature = 1157 ° C , and sintering time = 17 min . Under optimal conditions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the X-Com-ceramsite sample exhibits rough features and a porous structure. The obtained X-Com-ceramsite has a good MG decolorization effect (92% decolorization rate with an initial MG concentration of 56.876 mg/L). The q max value of MG can reach up to 37.6 mg/g. The retention degree of MG in the X-Com-ceramsite with a relatively higher pH is stronger, and the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Synchronous fluorescence, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved that the sensitivity of the C-O/C-O-O functional groups of the carbohydrates on the surface of the X-Com-ceramsite has a higher binding affinity toward MG as the initial concentration of MG changes.
Objective Understanding the influencing factors of discarded masks disposed by residents in Dongguan City during the period of COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide basis for avoiding the environmental pollution caused by discarded masks in the future. Methods Using random sampling way to make an Internet questionnaire survey among 1042 permanent residents in Dongguan city and using Probit regression model to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of disposing the discarded masks. Results The installation of disposal bins, residents’ environmental concern level and education level positively influenced the residents’ disposal behavior, while the residents’ age and total household size negatively influenced the residents’ willingness to dispose. These influencing factors are basically consistent with those derived from other scholars’ studies on residents’ willingness to dispose of household waste, it shows that residents do not treat the disposal of discarded masks differently from other household waste and ignore the potential environmental hazards of discarded masks. Conclusion In order to motivate residents to properly dispose of discarded masks, it is necessary to clarify and standardize the requirements for discarded mask disposal and increase publicity to enhance the public’s awareness of environmental concerns and hygiene. To avoid environmental problems such as microplastics brought by discarded masks, disposable masks should be replaced by reusable elastic respirators; the use of polypropylene in masks should be reduced; new mask materials should be developed.
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