The stress intensity factor represents a vital parameter within the realm of linear elastic fracture mechanics. It acts as the cornerstone in determining crack propagation and evaluating damage tolerance. However, calculating this factor is a complex task. To surmount this challenge, models of the stress intensity factor for both edge and center cracks were developed using the extended finite element method. The result of this effort is the ability to calculate the stress intensity factor at the crack tip under different loads and normalized crack lengths. The accuracy of these calculations was confirmed by comparing them to results from the NASGRO method, and the optimal mesh sizes for both the crack elements and overall units were established. Further analysis, conducted through MATLAB’s regression analysis, led to the development of an empirical model. This model was found to be both simple and reliable, making it an ideal tool for engineering applications.
Shot peening technology is usually employed to improve the ability of mechanical parts to resist failure due to fatigue and wear. It is often used to strengthen the surface of a target, but the induced residual stress and its distribution with respect to the coverage can affect the performance of the shot peening process. In this study, a comprehensive numerical and experimental study was conducted to overcome these issues. Using numerical simulation we found that both the surface and subsurface residual stress increases with the increase of the coverage before stabilizing. Quantitative analysis using the Entropy Method indicates that under the shot peening parameters considered in the simulation coverage of 200% is best for the shot peening of ZGMn13 High Manganese Steel. The following experimental study agreed with the corresponding numerical data for the residual stresses at varied depths from surface to subsurface with errors of less than 25%. Thus, the related research outcomes can guide the shot peening process to obtain the optimized surface strengthening of the target.
Shot peening is a surface-strengthening process that is widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. The process involves the impact of small, spherical media, called shots, onto the surface of a material, resulting in residual compressive stress and improved surface properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art and perspectives on surface strengthening by shot peening. The review covers various aspects of shot peening, including process parameters, shot materials, and quality control techniques. The advantages and limitations of shot peening in comparison to other surface-strengthening techniques are also discussed. The findings of this review indicate that shot peening is a versatile and effective surface-strengthening technique with numerous applications, and further research is needed to fully realize its potential. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the current status and future perspectives on surface strengthening by shot peening, and it is expected to be useful for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of material science and engineering.
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