In this paper, the mechanical properties of hollow precast utility tunnels are studied by experimental and numerical methods. Through full-scale experiments, the failure modes of ordinary and hollow utility tunnels are studied, and the failure stages of the structures are classified based on the bearing capacity and damage to the structures. The nonlinear finite element model is used to simulate the behavior of the structure, and the optimal design of the structure under load type and the hollow ratio are discussed based on the finite element method. The theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity for hollow structures in each stage is proposed, and its application scope is discussed. The finite element analysis can effectively predict the mechanical properties of the structure, and the failure of the utility tunnel structure is dependent on the shear bearing capacity. Although hollow design advances the structural damage under point load, the hollow structure has significant advantages under uniform loads or reasonable hollow ratios. It is reasonable to calculate the cracking load considering moment distribution at section centroid and the failure load considering the combined action of flexural and shear stress, but the hollow ratio should be less than 16%. Under reasonable hollow ratio or load conditions, the hollow design has little effect on the bearing capacity of the structure and can reduce the weight, which has practical value for architecture and construction.
In the urban environment, there are strict control requirements for deep foundation pit deformation, resulting in earth pressure on the flexible supports often being in a nonlimiting state. Therefore, it is important to consider displacement when calculating earth pressure. In this study, lateral unloading stress path triaxial compression tests were performed to investigate the radial stress–strain relationship of soft clay in an active region. Herein, a displacement-dependent earth pressure model is proposed with the assumption of the soil strain distribution in the disturbed area. From the surface of the ground to the deepest part of the support structure, the sufficient active displacement inversed by the proposed model decreased, which confirmed that the earth pressure along the entire wall could not achieve its active conditions simultaneously. The efficacy of the proposed model is demonstrated through a comparison of the predicted earth pressure with the experimental results reported in the published literature.
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