Abstract-Since developer ability is recognized as a determinant of better software project performance, it is a critical step to model and evaluate the programming ability of developers. However, most existing approaches require manual assessment, like 360 degree performance evaluation. With the emergence of social networking sites such as StackOverflow and Github, a vast amount of developer information is created on a daily basis. Such personal and social context data has huge potential to support automatic and effective developer ability evaluation. In this paper, we propose CPDScorer, a novel approach to modeling and scoring the programming ability of developer through mining heterogeneous information from both Community Question Answering (CQA) sites and Open-Source Software (OSS) communities. CPDScorer analyzes the answers posted in CQA sites and evaluates the projects submitted in OSS communities to assign expertise scores to developers, considering both the quantitative and qualitative factors. When modeling the programming ability of developer, a programming ability term extraction algorithm is also designed based on set covering. We have conducted experiments on StackOverflow and Github to measure the effectiveness of CPDScorer. The results show that our approach is feasible and practical in user programming ability modeling. In particular, the precision of our approach reaches 80%.
In this study, theoretical models for specific energy consumption (SEC) were established for water recovery in different integrated processes, such as RO-PRO, RO-MD and RO-MD-PRO. Our models can evaluate SEC under different water recovery conditions and for various proportions of supplied waste heat. Simulation results showed that SEC in RO increases with the water recovery rate when the rate is greater than 30%. For the RO-PRO process, the SEC also increases with the water recovery rate when the rate is higher than 38%, but an opposite trend can be observed at lower water recovery rates. If sufficient waste heat is available as the heat source for MD, the integration of MD with the RO or RO-PRO process can significantly reduce SEC. If the total water recovery rate is 50% and MD accounts for 10% of the recovery when sufficient waste heat is available, the SEC values of RO, RO-PRO, RO-MD and RO-MD-PRO are found to be 2.28, 1.47, 1.75 and 0.67 kWh/m3, respectively. These critical analyses provide a road map for the future development of process integration for desalination.
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