Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The authors hypothesized that interleukin 17 (IL‐17) might contribute to the prehypertensive state. This study evaluated the relationship between serum levels of IL‐17 and prehypertension. A total of 394 participants were enrolled, after excluding for hypertension or treated hypertension, and divided into two groups (optimal blood pressure [BP] and prehypertension) based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure classification of BP. Optimal BP was defined as systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg. Prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg. IL‐17A levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The mean serum IL‐17 concentration in the prehypertension group was significantly higher than in the optimal BP group. The cohort was divided into quartiles Q1 (≤3.5 ng/L), Q2 (3.60 to 6.10 ng/L), Q3 (6.20 to 10.00 ng/L), and Q4 (≥10.10 ng/L) based on IL‐17 levels. The Q2 to Q4 groups had increasing odds ratios for having prehypertension compared with the Q1 group. Elevated serum IL‐17 was accompanied by a rise in systolic BP. Thus, increased serum IL‐17 levels are associated with prehypertension.
BackgroundPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease characterized by severe enteritis, vomiting and watery diarrhea in swine. Recently, the outbreak of the epidemic disease has been a serious problem in swine industry. The objective of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in less equipped laboratories.ResultsThe optimal reaction condition of the current real-time RT-LAMP for PEDV was 62 °C for 45 min. It was capable of detecting PEDV from clinical samples and differentiating PEDV from several related porcine viruses, while it did not require additional expensive equipment. The minimum detection limit of the real-time RT-LAMP assay was 0.07PFU per reaction for PEDV RNA, making this assay approximately 100-fold more sensitive than that of one-step RT-PCR. By screening a panel of clinical specimens, the results showed that this method presented a similar sensitivity with real-time RT-PCR and was somewhat sensitive than one-step RT-PCR in detection of clinical samples.ConclusionsIn this study, we have developed a new real-time RT-LAMP method, which is rapid, sensitive and efficient to detect PEDV.This method holds great promises not only in laboratory detection and discrimination of PEDV but also in large scale field and clinical studies.
HAdV-56 is a new recombinant type isolated from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients and has been sporadically isolated in Japan several times. Here, an outbreak of EKC in the city of Dalian, China involving a large number of workers in two factories was reported; this was the first outbreak of EKC associated with HAdV-56 worldwide.
Zinc is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular structure and functions. Zinc dyshomeostasis can lead to many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. However, there are conflicting reports on the relationship between serum zinc levels and heart failure (HF). The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship between serum zinc levels and HF by using a meta-analysis approach. PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID databases were searched for reports on the association between serum zinc levels and HF until June 2016. 12 reports with 1453 subjects from 27 case-control studies were chosen for the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled analysis indicated that patients with HF had lower zinc levels than the control subjects. Further subgroup analysis stratified by different geographic locations also showed that HF patients had lower zinc levels than the control subjects. In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by HF subgroups found that patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) had lower zinc levels than the control subjects, except for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). In conclusion, the results of the meta-analysis indicate that there is a significant association between low serum zinc levels and HF.
The neddylation pathway belongs post-translational modifications and plays important roles in regulating viral infection and replication. To address the relationship of influenza A virus with the neddylation modification pathway, we demonstrate that IAV infection in A549 cells can activate the neddylation modification pathway to increase virus growth and enhance the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to increase pathogenicity. The pre-treatment of Nedd8-activating enzyme subunit 1 (NAE1)-specific inhibitor, MLN4924, interferes with Nedd8 conjugation and NF-κB activity. MLN4924 exhibited pronounced antiviral activity against different subtypes of influenza A virus, including classical H1N1 (PR8), H9N2 subtype, and pandemic H1N1 2009 (pdmH1N1) viruses. Through the inhibition of the CRL/NF-κB pathway, MLN4924 could significantly suppress the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by IAVs. These findings suggest that MLN4924 can be developed as a novel antiviral therapy for influenza infection for anti-viral efficacy and anti-inflammation activity.
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