Lung ultrasound (LUS) is now widely used in the diagnosis and monitor of neonatal lung diseases.Nevertheless, in the published literatures,the LUS images may display a significant variation in technical execution,while scanning parameters may influence diagnostic accuracy.The inter-and intra-observer reliabilities of ultrasound exam have been extensively studied in general and in LUS.As expected,the reliability declines in the hands of novices when they perform the point-of-care ultrasound (POC US).Consequently,having appropriate guidelines regarding to technical aspects of neonatal LUS exam is very important especially because diagnosis is mainly based on interpretation of artifacts produced by the pleural line and the lungs.The present work aimed to create an instrument operation specification and parameter setting guidelines for neonatal LUS.Technical aspects and scanning parameter settings that allow for standardization in obtaining LUS images include (1)select a high-end equipment with high-frequency linear array transducer (12-14 MHz).(2)Choose preset suitable for lung examination or small organs.(3)Keep the probe perpendicular to the ribs or parallel to the intercostal space.(4)Set the scanning depth at 4-5 cm.(5)Set 1-2 focal zones and adjust them close to the pleural line.(6)Use fundamental ARTICLE HISTORY
While most research on particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is devoted either to 2D flows or to small-scale 3D flows, this paper describes a complete 3D PTV algorithm and some applications to indoor airflow velocity measurements. A particle detection procedure especially adapted to the physical characteristics of neutrally buoyant helium-filled soap bubbles is described. To recover longer trajectories, a temporal tracking algorithm is used based on polynomial regression and including a cross-gap and a forward–backward strategy. In order to increase the measurement area and the number of trajectories, the correspondence problem is addressed by a new procedure involving fundamental matrices from both a three and a two-camera arrangement. 3D reconstruction is done by a least-squares method. Some guidelines are given in terms of camera and light positioning for 3D PTV in large volumes. Applications of the algorithm include Lagrangian tracking in (i) a 3.1 m × 3.1 m × 2.5 m light-gray walled test-room; (ii) a 5.5 m × 3.7 m × 2.4 m black walled test-room; (iii) over a heat source; (iv) inside an experimental aircraft cabin. Results show that the algorithm is capable of tracking more than 1400 tracers in volumes up to 3 m × 3 m × 1.2 m.
The performance of a particle tracking algorithm which detects particle trajectories from discretely recorded particle positions could be substantially hindered by the input noise. In this paper, a particle tracking algorithm is developed which is robust against input noise. This algorithm employs the regression method instead of the extrapolation method usually employed by existing algorithms to predict future particle positions. If a trajectory cannot be linked to a particle at a frame, the algorithm can still proceed by trying to find a candidate at the next frame. The connectivity of tracked trajectories is inspected to remove the false ones. The algorithm is validated with synthetic data. The result shows that the algorithm is superior to traditional algorithms in the aspect of tracking long trajectories.
Object:The purpose was to highlight the diagnosis and treatment of extra-adrenal para-gangliomas, which often causes catecholamine hypersecretion and hypertension.Methods:67 cases of extra-adrenal paraganglioma of retroperitoneum proven pathologically from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed and studied after operation. Endocrine secretion examinations, B-US, CT, MRI, 131-MIBG, octreotide and hands microcirculation inspection were used to diagnose the disease.Results:All patients underwent successful surgical resection of the tumors, which proved to be paragangliomas. They were from 3 cm to 25 cm in size. Almost all of them were diffusely positive for cgA, syn, NSE and s-100 by immunohitochemical staining. There were nine cases assayed malignant paraganglioma by the follow-up.Conclusions:131-MIBG and octreotide have high sensitivity and accuracy in diagosing extra-adrenal paraganglioma. Surgical treatment should be carried out on the basis of correct drug preparation of α-receptor blocker, such as prazosin and phenoxybenzamine. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for extra-adrenal paragangliomas as well as recurrent or metastatic disease, which could be resected laparoscopically. Intimate lifelong follow-up is necessary and important.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.