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Background Limited flap survival area is the main disadvantage of prefabricated flaps. To deal with this problem, surgical delay is the common method to achieve a better prognosis. This method requires multiple surgeries with the known associated burdens. We have developed a new strategy, ex vivo delay, utilizing the pathophysiology of surgical delay while avoiding the need for multiple surgeries. Methods We created a rodent animal model utilizing a two-stage operation of a prefabricated abdominal flap. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 per group): group A, the control group (no intervention), group B, delayed by the ex-vivo delay device, and group C, delayed using surgical delay technique. Data were collected according to macroscopic analysis, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and capillary densities. Results According to the macroscopic analysis, groups B and C had a significantly larger flap survival area compared with group A, but group B had a significantly smaller survival area than group C. The near-infrared fluorescence imaging showed the perfusion areas of group B and C to be larger than that of group A. Histologically, groups B and C had a significantly higher capillary density than group A. The vessel caliber in group C was larger than that of groups A and B. Conclusions The ex vivo delay strategy successfully increased flap survival area. This strategy worked by establishing ischemia and enhancing neovascularization. Further improvements in the surgical technique could produce outcomes similar to those seen with surgical delay.

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Intensity saturation causes partial incorrect intensities in captured images, leading to obvious phase errors in high dynamic range (HDR) phase measuring profilometry. Most of the existing methods require numerous projected patterns or additional hardware equipment to retrieve the 3D shape. This paper proposes a comprehensive saturation-induced phase error correction method by combining the average-phase compensation method applying the four-step phase-shifted(PS) patterns with phase repairment employing a total variation minimization(TVM) model. We first analyzed the periodic characteristic of saturation-induced phase error. The phase error can be efficiently compensated by averaging the initial phase and the auxiliary phase, which was calculated utilizing a set of PS patterns with an initial phase offset of /4. Furthermore, a judgment condition was provided to detect invalid points in overexposed shiny areas whose initial calculated phases were wrong. The corrected phases were repaired utilizing the TVM model from the compensated phase information around the invalid points. Simulations and experiments demonstrated that the proposed method could simultaneously correct the phase for non-uniform high-reflectivity scenes and shiny areas on the surface with high accuracy and relatively few images. The phase error is reduced to nearly 80%.