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A new ceramic sintering approach employing plastic deformation as the dominant mechanism is proposed, at low temperature close to the onset point of grain growth and under high pressure. Based on this route, fully dense boron carbide without grain growth can be prepared at 1,675–1,700 °C and under pressure of (≥) 80 MPa in 5 minutes. The dense boron carbide shows excellent mechanical properties, including Vickers hardness of 37.8 GPa, flexural strength of 445.3 MPa and fracture toughness of 4.7 MPa•m0.5. Such a process should also facilitate the cost-effective preparation of other advanced ceramics for practical applications.

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Two fluorinated diazomethanes were synthesized, and used for the modification of polystyrene XAD4, polyacrylate MAC-3, filter paper, and Hybond TM membrane. The structure of modified polymers was con-firmed by XPS and solid-state NMR spectra, with a surface loading of 8.28 10 12 -1.68 10 13 molecules per cm 2 . Water contact angle values, which increased from 0L to 128.51L (for filter paper) and 120.02L (for Hybond TM membrane), demonstrated hydrophobicity.

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