The results support some of the assumptions of the TTM but raise questions about the predicted relationships between stages of change and self-efficacy. Continued research is needed to identify the most effective theory-based interventions for evidence-based nursing practice in this population.

No abstract

Although the incidence of CUP is decreasing, we document CUP that may be due to insufficient diagnostic inquiry. Questions raised by the findings in this data provide hypotheses for further epidemiological and biological studies in the elucidation of CUP incidence and treatment.

No abstract

Since this is the first TTM study in Taiwan, continued TTM testing is needed to adequately determine the applicability of the TTM and to identify the most effective theory-based physical activity interventions.

A large proportion of Korean American women (KAW) do not receive regular cervical cancer screening. Self-report data from 102 KAW were analyzed by multiple linear regressions. As compared to women in action/maintenance, women in precontemplation/relapse stages were less likely to agree that a Pap test is important for health and were more likely to endorse barriers to testing (cost, not having a female doctor, preference for Korean medicine). Women in precontemplation/relapse stages also reported lower scores on self-efficacy items (travel large distances, pain perceptions, financial costs, and time). Differences in specific aspects may be informative for interventions to improve screening rates among KAW.

This study assessed knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS and sources of HIV/STI information among Chinese college students living in the USA and explored specific factors associated with knowledge levels and types of sources of information. We surveyed 133 Chinese students enrolled in three US universities. About 41.4 % believed that HIV could be contracted through mosquito bites, and 22.6 % were unaware that condoms could prevent HIV. Sources of HIV/STI information were the mass media. Males were more likely to demonstrate a higher HIV/AIDS knowledge level than females. Graduate students were more likely to cite television as a source of information, and less likely to mention school teachers, than were undergraduate students. These ethnic minority immigrant students held misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, and possibly utilized information of varying quality. Accordingly this study identifies specific objectives for education, including basic biology and diversity issues from evidence-based sources.

No abstract