Coupled Linear Boltzmann Transport and hydrodynamics (CoLBT-hydro) is developed for cocurrent and event-by-event simulations of jet transport and jet-induced medium excitation (j.i.m.e.) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. This is made possible by a GPU parallelized (3+1)D hydrodynamics that has a source term from the energy-momentum deposition by propagating jet shower partons and provides real time update of the bulk medium evolution for subsequent jet transport. Hadron spectra in γ-jet events of A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC are calculated for the first time that include hadrons from both the modified jet and j.i.m.e.. CoLBT-hydro describes well experimental data at RHIC on the suppression of leading hadrons due to parton energy loss. It also predicts the enhancement of soft hadrons from j.i.m.e. The onset of soft hadron enhancement occurs at a constant transverse momentum due to the thermal nature of soft hadrons from j.i.m.e. which also have a significantly broadened azimuthal distribution relative to the jet direction. Soft hadrons in the γ direction are, on the other hand, depleted due to a diffusion wake behind the jet.PACS numbers: 25.75.Bh,25.75.Cj,25.75.Ld
The suppression factor for single inclusive jets in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has a weak dependence on the transverse momentum pT and remains almost the same at two colliding energies, √ s = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, though the central rapidity density of bulk hadrons increases by about 20%. This phenomenon is investigated within the Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model, which includes elastic and inelastic processes based on perturbative QCD for both jet shower and recoil medium partons as they propagate through a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). With the dynamic evolution of the QGP given by the 3+1D CLVisc hydrodynamic model with event-byevent fully fluctuating initial conditions, single inclusive jet suppression in Pb+Pb collisions from LBT agrees well with experimental data. The weak √ s and pT -dependence of the jet suppression factor at LHC are found to result directly from the √ s-dependence of the initial jet pT spectra and slow pT -dependence of the jet energy loss. Contributions from jet-induced medium response, influence of radial expansion, both of which depend on jet-cone size, and jet flavor composition all conjoin to give a slow pT -dependence of jet energy loss and the single jet suppression factor RAA, their dependence on √ s and jet-cone size. Single inclusive jet suppression at √ s = 200 GeV is also predicted that actually decreases slightly with pT in the pT < 50 GeV/c range because of the steeper initial jet spectra though the pT -dependence of the jet energy loss is weaker than that at LHC.
The in-depth mechanism on the simultaneous activation of O 2 and surface lattice O 2À on one active metallic site has not been elucidated yet. Herein, we report a strategy for the construction of abundant oxygen activation sites by rational design of Cu 1 /TiO 2 single atom catalysts (SACs). The charge transfer between isolated Cu and TiO 2 support generates abundant Cu I and 2-coordinated O lat sites in Cu 1 À OÀ Ti hybridization structure, which facilitates the chemisorption and activation of O 2 molecules. Simultaneously, the Cu 1 À OÀ Ti induced TiO 2 lattice distortion activate the adjacent surface lattice O 2À , achieving the dual activation of O 2 and surface lattice O 2À . The Cu 1 À OÀ Ti active site switches the CO oxidation mechanism from Eley-Rideal (80 °C) to Mars-van Krevelen route (200 °C) with the increase of reaction temperature. The dual activation of O 2 and surface lattice O 2À can by modulating the electron properties of SACs can boost the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation activity.
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