Fertilizer application practices are one of the major challenges facing agroecology. The agrobenefits of combined application of green manure and chemical fertilizers, and the potential of green manure to replace chemical fertilizers are now well documented. However, little is known about the impact of fertilization practices on microbial communities and tice yield. In this study, the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, symbiotic networks and their relationship with soil function were analyzed in five fertilization treatments (N: 100% nitrogen fertilizer alone; M: green manure alone; MN60: green manure couple with 60% nitrogen fertilizer, MN80: green manure couple with 80% nitrogen fertilizer; and MN100: green manure couple with 100% nitrogen fertilizer). First, early rice yield was significantly higher by 12.6% in MN100 treatment in 2021 compared with N. Secondly, soil bacterial diversity showed an increasing trend with increasing N fertilizer application after green manure input, however, the opposite was true for fungal diversity. Microbial interaction analysis showed that different fertilizer applications changed soil microbial network complexity and fertilizer-induced changes in soil microbial interactions were closely related to soil environmental changes. Random forest models further predicted the importance of soil environment, microorganisms and rice yield. Overall, nitrogen fertilizer green manure altered rice yield due to its effects on soil environment and microbial communities. In the case of combined green manure and N fertilizer application, bacteria and fungi showed different responses to fertilization method, and the full amount of N fertilizer in combination with green manure reduced the complexity of soil microbial network. In contrast, for more ecologically sensitive karst areas, we recommend fertilization practices with reduced N by 20–40% for rice production.Graphical Abstract
Changes of soil fertility under different stands was studied by investigating pH value; organic matter; whole amount of N, P, K; available N, P, K and CEC (cation exchange capacity) in 0-30cm depth of soil. Three main types of soils in guangxi was selected which includes mountain yellow soil, brown calcareous soil and lateritic red soil The results showed that stand type affected soil fertility status. For mountain yellow soil, soil organic matter content under Pine forest and adult birch were 2.55 and 3.16 times to natural forest, while the soil available nutrients of newly planted birch was significantly higher than natural forests. For brown calcareous soil, the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, http: / / www.ecologica.cn available of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and CEC under Zenia forest were the highest, and the pH value under loquat forest was significantly lower than the other three kinds of forest. For lateritic red soil, the available nitrogen under 2nd generation of fast鄄growing eucalyptus forests was significantly lower than natural pine broadleaf forest, but the organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium were slightly higher than the natural forest. The comprehensive evaluation showed soil fertility changed with stand type by the following sequence: natural forest> pine> Southwest birch for mountain yellow soil; Zenia forest = bamboo forest >loquat forest抑Leucaena forest for brown calcareous soil; and natural pine broadleaf forest抑 the 2nd generation of fast鄄growing eucalyptus forests for lateritic red soil.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.