Studies of chromosomes of Cyrtodactylus jarujini Ulber, 1993 and C. doisuthep Kunya et al., 2014 to compare microsatellite and TTAGGG sequences by classical and molecular techniques were conducted in Thailand. Karyological typing from a conventional staining technique of C. jarujini and C. doisuthep showed diploid chromosome numbers of 40 and 34 while the Fundamental Numbers (NF) were 56 in both species. In addition, we created the chromosome formula of the chromosomes of C. jarujini showing that 2n (40) = Lsm1 + Lsm2 + Lt3 + Mm1 + Mt4 + Sm2 + Sa2 + St5 while that of C. doisuthep was 2n (34) = Lsm3 + Lm2 + Lt3 + Mm1 + Mt2 + Sm4 + Sa1 + St1. Ag-NOR staining revealed NOR-bearing chromosomes in chromosome pairs 13 and 14 in C. jarujini, and in chromosome pairs 9 and 13 in C. doisuthep. This molecular study used the FISH technique, as well as microsatellite probes including (A)20, (TA)15, (CGG)10, (CGG)10, (GAA)10, (TA)15 and TTAGGG repeats. The signals showed that the different patterns in each chromosome of the Gekkonids depended on probe types. TTAGGG repeats showed high distribution on centromere and telomere regions, while (A)20, (TA)15, (CGG)10, (CGG)10, (GAA)10 and (TA)15 bearing dispersed over the whole genomes including chromosomes and some had strong signals on only a pair of homologous chromosomes. These results suggest that the genetic linkages have been highly differentiated between the two species.
The blue-crested lizard, Calotes mystaceus Duméril & Bibron, 1837, is listed as a protected wild animal in Thailand. Its population is likely to be dramatically reduced due to massive hunting in several areas in this country. Basic information on its population genetics is therefore needed to facilitate its conservation. Thus, in this study we investigated the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequence variation of 238 individualC.mystaceus from 42 different geographical localities of the north, west, central, east and northeast regions of Thailand. High genetic diversity and genetic differentiation at the intrapopulation and interpopulation levels was observed.We detected 63 unique haplotypes and 12 common/shared haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis reveals two major lineages, I and II. These two lineages are separated by mountain ranges, which play an important role as natural barriers blocking gene flow. Our finding reveal at least two cryptic lineages represented in C. mystaceus populations in Thailand. However, a comprehensive investigation of the morphology, biology, ecology and genetic diversity of C. mystaceus in other regions within its area of distribution is needed.
The representatives of cyprinid lineage ‘Poropuntiinae’ with 16 recognized genera and around 100 species form a significant part of Southeast Asian ichthyofauna. Cytogenetics are valuable when studying fish evolution, especially the dynamics of repetitive DNAs, such as ribosomal DNAs (5S and 18S) and microsatellites, that can vary between species. Here, karyotypes of seven ‘poropuntiin’ species, namely Cosmochilus harmandi, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Hypsibarbus malcomi, H. wetmorei, Mystacoleucus chilopterus, M. ectypus, and Puntioplties proctozysron occurring in Thailand were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Variable numbers of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes indicated widespread chromosome rearrangements with a stable diploid chromosome number (2n) of 50. Examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization using major and minor ribosomal probes showed that Cosmochilus harmandi, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, and Puntioplites proctozystron all had one chromosomal pair with 5S rDNA sites. However, more than two sites were found in Hypsibarbus malcolmi, H. wetmorei, Mystacoleucus chilopterus, and M. ectypus. The number of chromosomes with 18S rDNA sites varied amongst their karyotypes from one to three; additionally, comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite patterns varied among species. Our results reinforce the trend of chromosomal evolution in cyprinifom fishes, with major chromosomal rearrangements, while conserving their 2n.
The purposes of this research were to develop environmental education learning plans to enhance wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand by using cooperative-based learning for being efficient and effective, to study and compare knowledge about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, attitudes and environmental ethics before and after learning of undergraduate students and to compare knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics of undergraduate students with a different gender. The sample used in the research was 107 undergraduate students selected by purposive sampling in the 1st semester of the academic year 2020. The research tools were learning plans on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand using cooperative-based learning, a knowledge test on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, an attitude test, and an environmental ethics test. The statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, including hypothesis testing using Paired t-test and F-test (One-Way ANOVA). The results showed that: the efficiency of the learning plans on wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand using cooperative-based learning was 97.78/92.36 and the effectiveness index (E.I.) was 0.9430, indicating that the student’s learning progress increased by 94.30%. The undergraduate students had an average score of knowledge about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand, attitudes and environmental ethics in the post-test was higher than the pretest statistical significance (p < .05). There was no difference in the knowledge score of wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand and attitudes of undergraduate students of different gender (p > .05). And there was a statistically significant difference in environmental ethics of undergraduate students of different gender (p < .05). Male’ score of environmental ethics about wetland management in the Northeast of Thailand was higher than females.
Abstract. Supiwong W, Wongchantra P, Thongnetr W, Mingkwan B, Chaiyasan P, Pinmongkhonkul S, Pinthong K, Tanomtong A. 2021. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of fishes in the genus Trichopodus (Osphronemidae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3029-3036. Comparative cytogenetic study of four species of the genus Trichopodus including T. leerii, T. microlepis, T. pectoralis, and T. trichopterus from Thailand, was carried out. The specimens were collected from the Basins throughout Thailand. Chromosome preparation was directly performed from the kidney tissues. Conventional staining by Giemsa solution, Ag–NOR banding by silver nitrate solution and C-banding by NaOH solution were conducted to stain the chromosomes. Results showed that four species studied have the same diploid number and fundamental number as 46 composing of all telocentric chromosomes. Karyotypes consisting of large-medium-small sizes in T. leerii, T. microlepis, T. pectoralis and T. trichopterus were 16–28–2, 14–32–0, 20–26–0 and 10–30–6 chromosomes, respectively. The marker chromosomes which present the NOR positions are the single pair in all species but there are differences in the locations and pairs such as pairs no. 1, 7, 2 and 1, respectively. Most species except T. trichopterus, NOR sites locate at interstitial region adjacent to the centromere. T. trichopterus had the telomeric NORs. Constitutive heterochromatin blocks displayed at the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes in T. leerii and T. microlepis whereas in T. pectoralis and T. trichopterus, those presented at not only centromeres of several chromosome pairs, but they also were found at interstitial sites. The obtained finding, cytogenetic data has species-specific. Thus, it can be used for further study on taxonomy. Moreover, this data shows the close relationship of genetics among these species so that the application for breeding may be used in the future.
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