RETROSPECTIVEHuman-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people design, implement, and use interactive computer systems and how computers affect individuals, organizations, and society. This encompasses not only ease of use but also new interaction techniques for supporting user tasks, providing better access to information, and creating more powerful forms of communication. It involves input and output devices and the interaction techniques that use them; how information is presented and requested; how the computer's actions are controlled and monitored; all forms of help, documentation, and training; the tools used to design, build, test, and evaluate user interfaces; and the processes that developers follow when creating interfaces.This report describes the historical and intellectual foundations of HCI and then summarizes selected strategic directions in human-computer interaction research.
Studies designed to demonstrate the pedagogic eflectiveness of algorithm animation programs have been markedly unsuccessful, in spite of high expectations. We present a framework for future experiments based upon design issues particular to algorithm animation, plus pertinent educational considerations. Guidelines are drawn from a meta-analysis of previous work and experiments we have performed.
Visual representations of programs can facilitate program understanding by presenting aspects of programs using explicit and intuitive representations. To explore this idea, we have designed a completely visual static and dynamic presentation of an imperative programming language. Because our representation of control is completely visual, programmers of this language can understand the static and dynamic semantics of programs using the same framework In this paper, we describe the semantics of our language, both informally and formally, focusing on support for control constructs. We also prove that using our language to model common high-level constructs is semantically sound.208 0-8186-6660-9/94 $04.00 0 1994 IEEE
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