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The heating process of water and oil using microwave oven with rectangular wave guide is investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical model is validated with an experimental study. The transient Maxwell's equations are solved by using the finite difference time domain method to describe the electromagnetic field in the wave guide and sample. The temperature profiles and velocity field within sample are determined by the solution of the momentum, energy, and Maxwell's equations. In this study, the effects of physical parameters, e.g., microwave power, the position of sample in wave guide, size, and thickness of sample, are studied. The results of distribution of electric field, temperature profiles, and velocity field are presented in details. The results show that the mathematical models are in agreement with the experimental data. Conclusively, the mathematical model presented in this study correctly explains the phenomena of microwave heating within the liquid layer. Keywords Microwave heating . Rectangular wave guide . Mode TE 10 . Maxwell's equation . FDTD method Nomenclature C p specific heat capacity [J/(kg K)] E electric field intensity (V/m) f frequency of incident wave (Hz) g gravitational constant (m/s 2 ) H magnetic field intensity (A/m) P power (W) p pressure (Pa) Q local electromagnetic heat generation term (W/m 3 ) s Poynting vector (W/m 2Greek letters α thermal diffusivity (m 2 /s) β coefficient of thermal expansion (1/K) η absolute viscosity (Pa s) ε permittivity (F/m) l wavelength (m) μ magnetic permeability (H/m) υ velocity of propagation (m/s) ν kinematics viscosity (m 2 /s) ρ density (kg/m 3 ) σ electric conductivity (S/m) ω angular frequency (rad/s) ξ surface tension (N/m)