Introduction. According to the target indicators of the national project “Science” in the six-year period from 2019 to 2024 inclusive, a network of world-class research centres (WCRC) should be created in Russia to carry out research and development in mathematics, genetics, and other priority areas of scientific and technological development in Russia. As the new centres are predicated upon a completely new vision of the organisation of Russian science in a global context, to achieve maximum effectiveness, certain measures must be taken to simplify migration regimes for foreign citizens who plan to conduct scientific and/or pedagogical activities in the Russian Federation. Methods. To study the experience of other countries, as well as the experience of leading Russian universities and research organisations in simplifying migration policies for foreign scientists, this article uses comparative and retrospective methods of analysis; to develop proposals for simplifying the entry procedure for foreign scientists participating in WCRC projects, the deductive method is used. Results and Discussion. It is recommended that: 1) organisations where the world-class research centres have been set up, as well as organisations participating in world-class research centres, should use the best Russian practices for attracting foreign researchers developed and adopted by Skolkovo, the Higher School of Economics, Tomsk State University, The A. Steklov Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and others; 2) amendments should be made to Federal Law No. 115-FZ dated 25 July 2002 in the form of a new article outlining special conditions for the entry of foreign researchers into Russia and their employment by organisations affiliated with Russian worldclass research centres (this category of foreign nationals will not need to obtain a work permit, the time for reviewing their application to enter Russia should be reduced from 14 to 5 days, etc.); 3) amendments are to be made to the Russian Government's Resolution No. 335 dated 9 June 2003, to reduce the time it takes to issue a visa to researchers employed by Russian worldclass research centres from 20 to 10 business days from the date the application is submitted, plus a new type of visa is to be introduced and issued to such individuals: a research visa. Conclusion. The recommendations made in this article on how to improve the migration policy for foreign researchers who plan to take part in projects run by Russian world-class research centres may in future be considered by specialised agencies when making management decisions, as well as used as the foundation of new amendments to regulatory documents governing migration. The proposed amendments may subsequently become an impetus for more active efforts to draw the attention of the international scientific community to the work carried out by Russian world-class research centres and for more concerted efforts to bring more world-class researchers onboard in research and development efforts taking place in Russia.
W artykule omówiono teoretyczne aspekty regionalnych systemów ekonomicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na specyfikę i warunki rozwoju regionów przygranicznych i nadmorskich w nowych warunkach geopolitycznych. Przedstawiono szczególne aspekty funkcjonowania tych jednostek terytorialnych w Federacji Rosyjskiej i Wspólnocie Państw Niepodległych (WNP). Podkreślono rolę efektu przygraniczności ściśle związanego z takimi elementami, jak: przejścia graniczne, posterunki kontroli granicznej i celnej, łączność, serwis i logistyka. Zwrócono także uwagę na możliwości wykorzystania zasobów gruntowych, leśnych, wodnych i rekreacyjnych po obu stronach granicy. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono formom współpracy międzynarodowej mieszkańców terenów przygranicznych oraz instytucji i organizacji tam działających.
This article presents the issues of social development and social protection in border regions. An extensive analytical study shows that taking effective actions on social protection and social development is the basis of stable development of border regions. Theoretical foundations of social protection of the population were also presented. Using the example of national programs of social protection of the population in developed countries, the main directions of social protection of the population were examined. This paper also includes an assessment of capabilities and resource bases and their impact on the social protection of the population, a combination of cash and in-kind funds required to meet human needs and the functioning of the entire system of social protection of the population in border regions.
The article discusses the interdisciplinary approaches to the study of regional economic systems and an integrated approach to the theory and methods of spatial development in spatial progress analysis. In addition, the administrative and the reproduction approaches of scientists to the assessment of specific territorial entities are analysed. Attention is paid to the manifestation forms of the reproduction stages with a complete cycle. Examples of specific national systems' development and political institutions are considered ed, and also the important processes directly impacting on the regionalization are highlighted. For example, economic disciplines characterize the region as spatial, socioeconomic integrity, where the main processes of material production take place and the integrity of the reproduction base is preserved. The approaches of various scientific disciplines in the research on regional economic systems and specific recommendations for their development are shown.
W artykule autorzy przeprowadzili analizę teoretycznych aspektów gospodarki w warunkach istniejących, współczesnych procesów integracji. Autorzy scharakteryzowali koncepcje integracji w kontekście teorii różnych szkół. Badania skoncentrowano na rozwoju procesów integracyjnych, które w znacznym stopniu odnoszą się do elementów ekonomicznego mechanizmu światowego. W artykule ukazano cechy i zalety klastrów w kontekście wzmocnienia integracji regionalnej. Przedstawiono i omówiono czynniki gospodarki w aspekcie regionalnym, które przyczyniają się do wzrostu efektywności klastrów i terytorium jako całości w skali mikro i makro. Określono również oraz uzasadniono elementy strategii rozwoju klastra.
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